Neuroticism and visual memory impairments as predictors of the severity of delusions in schizophrenia

Lysaker, Paul H.; Lancaster, Rebecca; Nees, Michael A.; Davis, Louanne W.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00169-0

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is in agreement with studies revealing an association between personality and psychosis [29][30][31][32][33] . This is the fi rst study to examine associations between personality structure and the presence of delusional experiences in non-clinical participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Associations between Delusion Proneness and Personality Structure in Non-Clinical Participants: Comparison between Young and Elderly Samples

Larøi

Linden

DeFruyt³

et al. 2006

Psychopathology

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Background: Few studies have explored the prevalence of delusions in the non-clinical, elderly population. In addition, the association between personality structure and delusions remains poorly investigated. The aims of the present study were, first, to explore the relation between age and the prevalence of delusion proneness and, second, to examine the association between personality and delusion proneness in young and elderly participants. Sampling and Methods: A sample of young (n = 343; aged 18–30 years) and elderly (n = 183; aged 60–75 years) non-clinical participants completed the 21-item version of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI-21), an elaborated and validated version of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale, and the revised version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Results: Mean scores on the PDI-21 for the young and elderly participants were compared. An independent t test revealed that the total mean scores were significantly higher for young participants compared to elderly participants. PDI-21 items were then re-grouped into previously validated factors. Independent t tests revealed that young participants had significantly higher scores for items related to suspiciousness and persecutory ideas, thought disturbances and jealousy, grandiose ideas, paranormal beliefs and apocalyptic ideas. In contrast, elderly participants scored significantly higher than young participants on the religious ideation factor. Associations between scores on the NEO-PI-R and the PDI-21 were then examined for the two groups. For the young sample, correlational analyses revealed a significant relationship between the total score on the PDI-21 and scores on the openness, neuroticism and agreeability facets of the NEO-PI-R. For the elderly sample, correlational analyses revealed a significant relationship between the total score on the PDI-21 and the openness facet of the NEO-PI-R. Discussion: Results from the study reveal that delusional ideation is a relatively common experience for both young and elderly non-clinical participants. In addition, findings are in line with studies suggesting that neuroticism and aspects related to neuroticism increase the risk for the development of psychotic symptoms such as delusions. However, it is important to mention that, because the present study includes non-clinical subjects and is a cross-sectional study, more research is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have reported an association between personality and psychosis [29][30][31][32][33] . However, one major shortcoming with these studies is that they have included 'psychosis' or 'schizophrenia' and did not examine specifi c aspects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Delusion Proneness and Personality Structure in Non-Clinical Participants: Comparison between Young and Elderly Samples

Larøi

Linden

DeFruyt³

et al. 2006

Psychopathology

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“…Higher levels of anxiety and depression are found in schizophrenia [90,91] and are associated with the severity of positive symptoms. [92] Anxiety and depression also increase the risk of developing schizophrenia [93,94] and overlaps with aspects of schizotypy. [95] Another individual difference variable pointing to exaggerated impact of noise in schizophrenia populations is IQ.…”

Section: Cognitive Impairment Under Noise Stress: Exacerbation In Schmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding noise stress-induced cognitive impairment in healthy adults and its implications for schizophrenia

et al. 2014

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Noise stress (NS) is detrimental to many aspects of human health and behavior. Understanding the effect of noise stressors on human cognitive function is a growing area of research and is crucial to helping clinical populations, such as those with schizophrenia, which are particularly sensitive to stressors. A review of electronic databases for studies assessing the effect of acute NS on cognitive functions in healthy adults revealed 31 relevant studies. The review revealed (1) NS exerts a clear negative effect on attention, working memory and episodic recall, and (2) personality characteristics, in particular neuroticism, and sleep influence the impact of noise stressors on performance in interaction with task complexity. Previous findings of consistent impairment in NS-relevant cognitive domains, heightened sensitivity to stressors, elevated neuroticism and sleep disturbances in schizophrenia, taken together with the findings of this review, highlight the need for empirical studies to elucidate whether NS, a common aspect of urban environments, exacerbates cognitive deficits and other symptoms in schizophrenia and related clinical populations.

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“…* p<0.01, ** p<0.001. Krabbendam et al 2002 ;Lysaker et al 2003 ;Horan et al 2005 ;Laroi et al 2006). Moreover, one study reported a moderating effect of neuroticism on the association between positive schizotypy and measures of psychopathology and functioning in a non-clinical sample (Barrantes-Vidal et al 2009).…”

Section: Psychological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroticism questionnaires are often used to assess an individual's stress sensitivity, and it has been shown that people with schizophrenia report higher levels of neuroticism (Horan et al 2005). Moreover, neuroticism scores have been associated with positive symptoms (Lysaker et al 2003 ;Barrantes-Vidal et al 2009) and with increased risk for psychosis at both the clinical and subclinical level (van Os & Jones, 2001 ;Krabbendam et al 2002). In one experimental study using a speech stress task, higher levels of trait arousability (an individual's emotional and physiological reactivity to novel events) were found to be associated with positive and affective symptoms (Dinzeo et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased stress reactivity: a mechanism specifically associated with the positive symptoms of psychotic disorder

et al. 2012

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Neuroticism and visual memory impairments as predictors of the severity of delusions in schizophrenia

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Associations between Delusion Proneness and Personality Structure in Non-Clinical Participants: Comparison between Young and Elderly Samples

Associations between Delusion Proneness and Personality Structure in Non-Clinical Participants: Comparison between Young and Elderly Samples

Understanding noise stress-induced cognitive impairment in healthy adults and its implications for schizophrenia

Increased stress reactivity: a mechanism specifically associated with the positive symptoms of psychotic disorder

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