Neurosurgical training in the Caribbean

Calderon, Chrystal; Rubio, Ellianne J. dos Santos; Negida, Ahmed; Park, Kee B.

doi:10.1016/j.bas.2022.101691

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Neurosurgical workforce data were obtained for 210 nations through 42 included sources ( Supplemental Digital Content 2, Supplemental Table 1 , http://links.lww.com/NEU/E46). 1,17,18,22-61 A world map denoting total neurosurgeons per capita is shown in Figure 1. The color scale denotes countries in green if they have at least 1 neurosurgeon per 200 000 population as this has been described as the minimum requirement for essential neurosurgical workforce to address neurotrauma in low- and middle-income countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Neurosurgeons Worldwide: Characterizing the Global Female Neurosurgical Workforce

Vaca,

Theologitis,

Zygourakis

2023

Neurosurgery

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As the global neurosurgical workforce expands, so do the contributions of women neurosurgeons. Recent studies highlighted pioneering women leaders in neurosurgery and provided invaluable perspectives into the proportion of women neurosurgeons in regions across the world. To provide a broad perspective of global trends, this study aims to characterize the global female neurosurgical workforce and evaluate its association with countries' economic status, broader physician workforce, and global gender gap index (GGGI). METHODS: A literature search included studies dated 2016–2023 characterizing the neurosurgical workforce. Total neurosurgeons, neurosurgeons per capita, and percent of women neurosurgeons by country were collected or calculated from available data. Countries were stratified by World Health Organization (WHO) region, World Bank economic classification, WHO physician workforce, and GGGI. Poisson regressions and Spearman correlation tests were performed to evaluate the association between each country's percent of women neurosurgeons and their economic classification, WHO physician workforce, and GGGI. RESULTS: Neurosurgical workforce data were obtained for 210 nations; world maps were created demonstrating neurosurgeons per capita and proportion of women neurosurgeons. Africa had the fewest neurosurgeons (1296) yet highest percentage of women neurosurgeons (15%). A total of 94 of 210 (45%) countries met the minimum requirement of neurosurgeons needed to address neurotrauma. Compared with low-income countries, upper-middle–income and high-income countries had 27.5 times greater the rate of neurosurgeons per capita but only 1.02 and 2.57 times greater percentage of women neurosurgeons, respectively (P < .001). There was a statistically significant association between GGI and women neurosurgeons (P < .001) and a weak correlation between proportion of women in physician workforce and women neurosurgeons (P = .019, rho = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Much progress has been made in expanding the neurosurgical workforce and the proportion of women within it, but disparities remain. As we address the global neurosurgeon deficit, improving recruitment and retention of women neurosurgeons through mentorship, collaboration, and structural support is essential.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Neurosurgeons Worldwide: Characterizing the Global Female Neurosurgical Workforce

Vaca,

Theologitis,

Zygourakis

2023

Neurosurgery

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“…6,18 Although most countries in the Caribbean have been affirmed as high income by the World Bank, there are still challenges that resemble those of other LMICs. [19][20][21]…”

Section: Neurosurgery and Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we build better? Challenges with geospatial and financial accessibility in the Caribbean. Illustrative case

dos Santos Rubio,

Calderon,

Boeykens

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons

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BACKGROUND Within the Caribbean, Curaçao provides a neurosurgical hub to other Dutch Caribbean islands. At times, the inefficiency of neurosurgical referrals leads to unsatisfactory patient outcomes in true emergency cases. OBSERVATIONS This article reports an illustrative case of a patient in need of emergency neurosurgical care, who was referred to a tertiary health institution in Curaçao. This case highlights the challenges of timely neurosurgical referrals within the Dutch Caribbean. LESSONS Highlighting this case may provide a foundation for further discussions that may improve neurosurgical care and access. Limiting long-distance surgical referrals in the acute care setting will aid in saving lives.

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