Neurosurgery and spinal adaptations in spaceflight: A literature review

Lazzari, Zachary T.; Aria, Kevin M.; Menger, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106755

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In fact, in both upright and SAHC conditions muscular activation levels were low in comparison of the 40–60% considered to be ergogenic for abdominal musculature ( Konrad, 2005 ). Activation of the multifidi in particular was low (below 20% MVC) in all conditions, however this is reported to be challenging to activate with exercise ( Cao et al, 2005 ; Holguin et al, 2009 ), which may account for the de-conditioning observed in bedrest ( Belavý et al, 2011 ) and spaceflight ( Johnston et al, 2010 ; Burkhart et al, 2019 ), which in astronauts may underlie lumbar lordosis ( Bailey et al, 2018 ) and vertebral column dysfunction ( Lazzari et al, 2021 ) including IVD pathology and back pain ( Pool-Goudzwaard et al, 2015 ). However, on Earth, a classic exercise for abdominal muscles, the static curl-up recruits approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trunk muscle exercises in supine position during short arm centrifugation with 1 g at centre of mass and upright in 1 g

et al. 2022

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Spaceflight is associated with reduced antigravitational muscle activity, which results in trunk muscle atrophy and may contribute to post-flight postural and spinal instability. Exercise in artificial gravity (AG) performed via short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) is a promising multi-organ countermeasure, especially to mitigate microgravity-induced postural muscle atrophy. Here, we compared trunk muscular activity (mm. rectus abdominis, ext. obliques and multifidi), cardiovascular response and tolerability of trunk muscle exercises performed during centrifugation with 1 g at individual center of mass on a SAHC against standard upright exercising. We recorded heart rate, blood pressure, surface trunk muscle activity, motion sickness and rating of perceived exertion (BORG) of 12 participants (8 male/4 female, 34 ± 7 years, 178.4 ± 8.2 cm, 72.1 ± 9.6 kg). Heart rate was significantly increased (p < 0.001) during exercises without differences in conditions. Systolic blood pressure was higher (p < 0.001) during centrifugation with a delayed rise during exercises in upright condition. Diastolic blood pressure was lower in upright (p = 0.018) compared to counter-clockwise but not to clockwise centrifugation. Target muscle activation were comparable between conditions, although activity of multifidi was lower (clockwise: p = 0.003, counter-clockwise: p < 0.001) and rectus abdominis were higher (clockwise: p = 0.0023, counter-clockwise: < 0.001) during centrifugation in one exercise type. No sessions were terminated, BORG scoring reflected a relevant training intensity and no significant increase in motion sickness was reported during centrifugation. Thus, exercising trunk muscles during centrifugation generates comparable targeted muscular and heart rate response and appears to be well tolerated. Differences in blood pressure were relatively minor and not indicative of haemodynamic challenge. SAHC-based muscle training is a candidate to reduce microgravity-induced inter-vertebral disc pathology and trunk muscle atrophy. However, further optimization is required prior to performance of a training study for individuals with trunk muscle atrophy/dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trunk muscle exercises in supine position during short arm centrifugation with 1 g at centre of mass and upright in 1 g

et al. 2022

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“…These changes are thought to contribute to the sensation of pain. Of note, almost all astronauts experience LBP when the gravity environment changes dramatically, again demonstrating the importance of biomechanics in IVD ( Bailey et al, 2018 ; Lazzari et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Pathophysiology Of Intervertebral Disc Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of single and cooperative different delivery systems for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

Liu

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the most universal pathogenesis of low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly medical problem across the world. Persistent low back pain can seriously affect a patient’s quality of life and even lead to disability. Furthermore, the corresponding medical expenses create a serious economic burden to both individuals and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration is commonly thought to be related to age, injury, obesity, genetic susceptibility, and other risk factors. Nonetheless, its specific pathological process has not been completely elucidated; the current mainstream view considers that this condition arises from the interaction of multiple mechanisms. With the development of medical concepts and technology, clinicians and scientists tend to intervene in the early or middle stages of intervertebral disc degeneration to avoid further aggravation. However, with the aid of modern delivery systems, it is now possible to intervene in the process of intervertebral disc at the cellular and molecular levels. This review aims to provide an overview of the main mechanisms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and the delivery systems that can help us to improve the efficacy of intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.

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“…Marked and persistent reduction in dendritic complexity and spine density was also observed in the animals studied ( Parihar et al, 2015 ). The observed decrease in neuromuscular response, combined with reduced gravitational load on the spine, results in flattened lumbar region, reduced range of movement, and decreased cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles ( Swinney and Allison, 2018 ; Lazzari et al, 2021 ). NASA NEUROLAB mission results and subsequent non-invasive research suggest that during spaceflight the function of the autonomic nervous system is increased.…”

Section: Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term space missions’ effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research

Tomsia,

Cieśla,

Śmieszek

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Space has always fascinated people. Many years have passed since the first spaceflight, and in addition to the enormous technological progress, the level of understanding of human physiology in space is also increasing. The presented paper aims to summarize the recent research findings on the influence of the space environment (microgravity, pressure differences, cosmic radiation, etc.) on the human body systems during short-term and long-term space missions. The review also presents the biggest challenges and problems that must be solved in order to extend safely the time of human stay in space. In the era of increasing engineering capabilities, plans to colonize other planets, and the growing interest in commercial space flights, the most topical issues of modern medicine seems to be understanding the effects of long-term stay in space, and finding solutions to minimize the harmful effects of the space environment on the human body.

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Neurosurgery and spinal adaptations in spaceflight: A literature review

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Comparison of trunk muscle exercises in supine position during short arm centrifugation with 1 g at centre of mass and upright in 1 g

Comparison of trunk muscle exercises in supine position during short arm centrifugation with 1 g at centre of mass and upright in 1 g

Application of single and cooperative different delivery systems for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

Long-term space missions’ effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research

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