Neuroscience: The hard science of oxytocin

Shen, Helen

doi:10.1038/522410a

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The site at which these pro-inflammatory molecules is produced in depression is not known and it has yet to be determined whether the elevation is core to the pathophysiology or merely epiphenomenal. There is evidence from rodent studies to indicate that stress alters the gut barrier function allowing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other molecules to gain access to the bloodstream stimulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and other TLRs resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines (46). If this does occur in depression, which has yet to be definitively demonstrated, it would explain the pro-inflammatory phenotype observed.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxytocin receptor knockout mouse shows considerable deficits in social behaviour 45 and some small scale preliminary studies in humans indicate that intra-nasally administered oxytocin may positively alter social behaviour patterns. A few large clinical trials are under way to test oxytocin and related therapies for autism spectrum disorder 46 . There is still considerable debate as to whether or not the preclinical findings translate to the clinical setting and if they do which patients and which aspects of the syndrome are likely to benefit most.…”

Section: Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Dinan

Cryan

2017

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

765

525

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Type of publicationArticle (peer-reviewed) Abstract/SummaryGut microbes are capable of producing most neurotransmitters found in the human brain.While these neurotransmitters primarily act locally in the gut, modulating the enteric nervous system, evidence is now accumulating to support the view that gut microbes through multiple mechanisms can influence central neurochemistry and behavior. This has been described as a fundamental paradigm shift in neuroscience. Bifidobacteria for example can produce and increase plasma levels of the serotonin precursor tryptophan, which is fundamental in regulating mood, appetite and gastrointestinal function. CertainLactobacilli have been shown to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to alter brain GABA receptor expression and behavior. IBS is regarded as the prototypic disorder of the brain-gut-microbiota axis which can be responsive to probiotic therapy.

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Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Dinan

Cryan

2017

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

765

525

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“…However, Oxytocin, which acts on inhibitory interneurons, has recently been shown to regulate a large number of systems, like facial recognition, empathy, social cognition and might even play a role in a subtype of autism [24]. In complex organs such as the human brain pleiotropic effects are widespread: For example, the peptide Oxytocin is known to the public as the "cuddling hormone" for its role in sexual reproduction and pair bonding.…”

Section: The Complexity Of Genotype-phenotype Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning for Microbial Phenotype Prediction

Feldbauer¹

2016

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of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.Printed on acid-free paper This Springer Spektrum imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH V Kurzfassung Genomdatenbanken wachsen rasant. Moderne Metagenomikstudien führen zu einer großen Anzahl annähernd vollständiger Genomsequenzen nicht kultivierbarer mikrobieller Spezies. Diese Entwicklungen führen zur Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung automatisierter bioinformatischer Methoden für die Vorhersage mikrobieller Phänotypen, um die biologische und ökologische Interpretation der großen Datenmengen zu ermöglichen. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie komparative Genomik für diesen Zweck eingesetzt werden kann. Verschiedene bioinformatische Prototypen sowie Techniken des maschinellen Lernens werden verglichen. Im Fokus stehen dabei große Genomdatenbanken und inkomplette Genomsequenzen. Darüberhinaus werden notwendige Verbesserungen an der Software vorgenommen. Ein Programm wurde in der Evaluationsphase ausgewählt. Die Stabilität der Vorhersagen phänotypischer Charakteristika wurde im Lichte schnell wachsender Genomdatenbanken demonstriert. Ein neu entwickeltes Softwarewerkzeug ermöglicht die eingehende Analyse von Phänotypmodellen und assoziierte erwartete sowie unerwartete Proteinfunktionen mit bestimmten Merkmalen. Ein Großteil der Merkmale konnte zuverlässig in lediglich zu 60-70% kompletten Genomen vorhergesagt werden. Hochakkurate Modelle wurden für die Vorhersage zweier ökologisch relevanter metabolischer Merkmale (Methanotrophe und Nitrifikanten) erstellt. Sie fanden bereits bekannte funktionelle Marker und erweiterten das Markerkonzept durch die Assoziation weiterer Gene zu den Phänotypen substantiell. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Phänotypmodell für die Vorhersage intrazellulärer Mikroorganismen etabliert. Damit konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch unabhängig evolvierte Merkmale, die durch Genomreduktion charakterisiert sind, zuverlässig durch komparative Genomik vorhergesagt werden können. Alle Modelle wurden mit den Daten aus drei unterschiedlichen Metagenomen getestet. Si...

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“…Although further confirmatory studies with a large-scale sample are necessary (Shen, 2015), clinical trials reported that single-dose intranasal oxytocin administration mitigated autistic social behaviors and neural responses to socio-communicative information (Hollander et al , 2007; Guastella et al , 2010; Aoki et al , 2014; Domes et al , 2014; Watanabe et al , 2014a; Auyeung et al , 2015). Moreover, behavioral and neuroimaging studies employing neurotypical individuals added indirect evidence through identification of behavioral/neural links between several OXTR SNPs and ASD-associated social tendencies (Rodrigues et al , 2009; Inoue et al , 2010; Tost et al , 2010; Furman et al , 2011; Yamasue et al , 2011; Guastella et al , 2012; Kumsta and Heinrichs, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin receptor gene variations predict neural and behavioral response to oxytocin in autism

Watanabe

Otowa

Abe

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Oxytocin appears beneficial for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and more than 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in oxytocin receptor (OXTR) are relevant to ASD. However, neither biological functions of OXTR SNPs in ASD nor critical OXTR SNPs that determine oxytocin’s effects on ASD remains known. Here, using a machine-learning algorithm that was designed to evaluate collective effects of multiple SNPs and automatically identify most informative SNPs, we examined relationships between 27 representative OXTR SNPs and six types of behavioral/neural response to oxytocin in ASD individuals. The oxytocin effects were extracted from our previous placebo-controlled within-participant clinical trial administering single-dose intranasal oxytocin to 38 high-functioning adult Japanese ASD males. Consequently, we identified six different SNP sets that could accurately predict the six different oxytocin efficacies, and confirmed the robustness of these SNP selections against variations of the datasets and analysis parameters. Moreover, major alleles of several prominent OXTR SNPs—including rs53576 and rs2254298—were found to have dissociable effects on the oxytocin efficacies. These findings suggest biological functions of the OXTR SNP variants on autistic oxytocin responses, and implied that clinical oxytocin efficacy may be genetically predicted before its actual administration, which would contribute to establishment of future precision medicines for ASD.

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Neuroscience: The hard science of oxytocin

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease

Machine Learning for Microbial Phenotype Prediction

Oxytocin receptor gene variations predict neural and behavioral response to oxytocin in autism

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