Neuroscience: Rethinking rehab

Schnabel, Jim

doi:10.1038/458025a

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As recently discussed elsewhere, these preclinical results in animals are in agreement with human studies in which different forms of stimulation have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of addiction. (Schnabel 2009; Setlow 2008). Therefore, the use of environmental stimulation together with pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy may be of fundamental importance in the success of drug addiction treatment programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Reduces Cocaine Seeking and Reinstatement Induced by Cues and Stress but Not by Cocaine

Chauvet

Lardeux

Goldberg³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

150

121

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Whereas previous studies have focused on the preventive effects of enriched environments (EE) in drug addiction, in a recent study we suggested that EE can also have “curative” effects. In fact, we found that cocaine addiction-related behaviors can be eliminated by housing cocaine-treated mice in EE during periods of forced abstinence. However, those results were obtained with two simple models of addiction, conditioned place preference (CPP) and behavioral sensitization. In this study, we used intravenous drug self-administration procedures in rats to further investigate the beneficial effects of EE on cocaine addiction in a reinstatement model of relapse. Singly housed rats learned to self-administer cocaine during 10 consecutive daily sessions (0.6 mg/injection, 6h/day). They were then housed three per cage in either standard environments (SE) or EE and were kept abstinent in the animal facility until testing for extinction and reinstatement. We found that 30 days of EE significantly and consistently reduced cocaine seeking during a 6-h extinction session. In addition, EE significantly reduced cue- and stress-induced reinstatement. Surprisingly, given our previous results in mice with CPP, EE did not reduce cocaine-induced reinstatement regardless of the level of exposure to cocaine and the duration of the period of abstinence and exposure to EE. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that EE can reduce cocaine-induced craving and highlight the importance of positive life conditions in facilitating abstinence and preventing relapse to cocaine addiction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Reduces Cocaine Seeking and Reinstatement Induced by Cues and Stress but Not by Cocaine

Chauvet

Lardeux

Goldberg³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

150

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This lack of attention is notable, because the way in which a drug is ingested significantly affects how it is metabolized by the body (i.e., pharmacokinetics), and hence, the immediate and long-term psychological and physiological responses to its use (McKim, 2000). An emerging trend in substance abuse interventions is to develop pharmacological and behavioral treatments that are tailored to the unique needs of individual users (Ducharme, Knudsen, & Roman, 2006; Geppert & Bogenschutz, 2009; Grella, 2008; Schnabel, 2009). By learning more about how routes of administration are related to user characteristics, we could improve our ability to tailor substance abuse treatment and prevention strategies to individual users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Injection and Non-Injection Routes of Administration for Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Users in the United States

Novak

Kral

2011

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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Research examining the demographic and substance use characteristics of illicit drug use in the United States has typically failed to consider differences in routes of administration, or has exclusively focused on a single route of administration--Injection Drug Use (IDU). Therefore, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the degree to which IDUs are different from those who use illicit drugs via other routes, such as oral, inhalation, or smoked (non-IDUs). Data from the 2005–2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to compare past-year IDU and non-IDU routes of administration for people who use the three drugs most commonly injected drugs in the US: heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine. Among past-year users, IDUs were more likely than those using via other routes to be older (aged 35+), unemployed, possess less than a high school education, and reside in rural areas. IDUs also exhibited higher rates of abuse/dependence, perceived need for substance abuse treatment, and co-occurring physical and psychological problems. Fewer differences between IDUs and non-IDUs were observed for heroin users compared to methamphetamine or cocaine users. These results highlight significant differences in demographics, clinical/psychological manifestations, and treatment needs of injection drug users compared to those engaging in other routes of administration.

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“…Although, caution must be taken when generalizing these results to a human population, these findings highlight how environmental situations of people looking to quit drug taking could possibly contribute to the positive result of their efforts. In fact, studies in which different forms of stimulation have been used were shown to be useful for the treatment of addiction (Schnabel 2009). Therefore, the use of environmental stimulation together with pharmacotherapy as well as behavioral therapy may be of fundamental importance in the achievement of effective alcoholism treatment programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment decreases chronic psychosocial stress-impaired extinction and reinstatement of ethanol conditioned place preference in C57BL/6 male mice

Bahí

Dreyer

2019

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale During the last few decades, alcohol use disorders (AUD) have reached an epidemic prevalence, yet social influences on alcoholism have not been fully addressed. Several factors can modulate alcohol intake. On one hand, stress can reinforce ethanol-induced behaviors and be an important component in AUD and alcoholism. On the other hand, environmental enrich-ment (EE) has a neuroprotective role and prevents the development of excessive ethanol intake in rodents. However, studies showing the role of EE in chronic psychosocial stress-impaired ethanol-conditioned rewards are nonexistent. Aim The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential protective role of EE on extinction and reinstatement of ethanolconditioned place preference (EtOH-CPP) following chronic psychosocial stress. Methods In the first experiment and after the EtOH-CPP test, the mice were subjected to 15 days of chronic stress, then housed in a standard (SE) or enriched environment (EE) while EtOH-CPP extinction was achieved by repeated exposure to the CPP chambers without ethanol injection. In the second experiment and after the EtOH-CPP test, extinction was achieved as described above. Mice were then exposed to chronic stress for 2 weeks before being housed in a SE or EE. EtOH-CPP reinstatement was induced by a single exposure to the conditioning chambers. Results As expected, stress exposure increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced weight gain. More importantly, we found that EE significantly shortened chronic stress-delayed extinction and decreased the reinstatement of EtOH-CPP. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that EE reduces the impact of alcohol-associated environmental stimuli, and hence it may be a general intervention for reducing cue-elicited craving and relapse in humans.

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Neuroscience: Rethinking rehab

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental Enrichment Reduces Cocaine Seeking and Reinstatement Induced by Cues and Stress but Not by Cocaine

Environmental Enrichment Reduces Cocaine Seeking and Reinstatement Induced by Cues and Stress but Not by Cocaine

Comparing Injection and Non-Injection Routes of Administration for Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Users in the United States

Environmental enrichment decreases chronic psychosocial stress-impaired extinction and reinstatement of ethanol conditioned place preference in C57BL/6 male mice

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