Neuroschistosomiasis

Carod-Artal, Francisco Javier

doi:10.1586/eri.10.111

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Only a minority (<5%) of patients will go on to develop CNS symptoms due to schistosomiasis with cerebral complications being more prevalent than spinal [8][9][10].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis complications in tropical neurology: A review

Boubacar¹,

Diallo²,

Cissé³

et al. 2017

Clin Case Rep Rev

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Nerve locations of schistosomiasis are exceptional. However, Schistosomiasis is a public health probem in more countries. We're doing here a literature review of epidemiology and the diagnostic difficulty of complications due to schistosomiasis in particular those of the nervous system and this in the context of sub Saharan Africa and some endemic areas. Schistosomiasis is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Asia, the Middle East, and the Caribbean Islands. The majority of infections with Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma intercalatum are found in sub-Saharan Africa. The typical clinical diagnosis, acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) typically includes fever, urticarial swellings, myalgias, eosinophilia, and bloody diarrhea. Symptoms may last for weeks but are uncommon in populations with endemic infection. However, diagnostic techniques are not developed in this area of Africa. Also the low level of life of patients does not always allow the already available techniques in Africa. It is necessary that the scientific societies of tropical countries may develop diagnostic criteria for these parasitic myelopathies to harmonize clinical research results and ensure continuous training of clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this disease entity.

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“…Only a minority (<5%) of patients will go on to develop CNS symptoms due to schistosomiasis with cerebral complications being more prevalent than spinal [8][9][10].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis complications in tropical neurology: A review

Boubacar¹,

Diallo²,

Cissé³

et al. 2017

Clin Case Rep Rev

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“…While the standard regimen for chronic systemic schistosomiasis is 40 to 60 mg/kg of praziquantel in divided doses for 1 day, as described in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database (http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/health _professionals/index.html), the length of the treatment for cerebral schistosomiasis has not been clearly established (4). To reduce the severity of the inflammatory reaction in the brain parenchyma, corticosteroids are commonly used for CNS invasion.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Schistosomiasis Due to Schistosoma haematobium Confirmed by PCR Analysis of Brain Specimen

et al. 2011

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The case of a 25-year-old Japanese male who had cerebral schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is reported here. Although serum antibody tests showed a cross-reaction with other helminths and no ova were excreted in urine or feces, the existence of Schistosoma haematobium in the brain was confirmed by PCR analysis. CASE REPORTIn October 2009, a 25-year-old Japanese man was admitted to a local community hospital in Japan with a 1-week history of mild headache and sporadic paraphasia. He had worked as an agricultural consultant in the Republic of Malawi from April 2007 to June 2009. During his stay, he lived with local residents, consumed water from a well, and had swum in a lake at least twice. He had been in excellent health until October 2009, except for a Giardia lamblia infection in 2008. At the community hospital, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient's head showed four hyperdense and edematous lesions in the left parietal lobe, and these lesions were suspected to be related to tropical infectious diseases due to the fact that the onset of his symptoms appeared soon after his return from the Republic of Malawi. Subsequently, the patient was referred to our institution for further workup.Upon presentation to our institute, the patient's temperature was 36.8°C, his pulse was 60 beats per minute (bpm), and his blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. Although the patient was alert and appropriate at a glance, verbal paraphasia was occasionally observed. Laboratory evaluation revealed the following: white blood cell count, 8,780/l (67.5% neutrophils, 25.0% lymphocytes, 1.5% eosinophils); serum C-reactive protein, 0.03 mg/dl; IgE, 18 U/ml; HIV antibody negative; toxoplasma IgM and IgG negative; and Entamoeba antibody negative. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain with gadolinium enhancement showed a couple of ill-defined, heterogeneously enhancing lesions. They were each approximately 10 mm in diameter, in the left parietal lobe, with increased intensity of the signal on the T1-weighted image (Fig. 1). A lumbar puncture was not performed. The patient's headache and nausea worsened rapidly, and we were obliged to relieve his symptoms as soon as possible. Based on the clinical presentation and characteristic imaging finding, we clinically concluded that the cerebral lesions were neurocysticercosis. Albendazole (15 mg/kg of body weight per day) was administered with dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg per day) for a total of 8 days. The patient's headache and nausea then subsided, and the verbal paraphasia disappeared. The findings from an MRI scan of the brain were improved but still remained.One week after the initiation of treatment, the results of the commercially available serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; SRL, Tokyo, Japan), which can detect IgG antibody for 12 helminthic diseases as a screening (22), were reported: Spirometra erinacei (also known as Spirometra mansoni) antibody on admission was positive, whereas Taenia solium antibody was negative. Schistosoma species are not ...

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“…There is a broad differential for a Malawian patient presenting with paraplegia (Table 1). Schistosomiasis, primarily due to Schistosoma haematobium, is endemic in Malawi and is a recognized cause of paraplegia 2 . It is responsible for cord lesions leading to paraplegia and can be well demonstrated using MRI (Fig 1).…”

Section: Impact Clinical Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Malawi: Contributions to Clinical Care, Medical Education and Biomedical Research

Potchen¹,

Kampondeni²,

Birbeck³

et al. 2011

Mal. Med. J

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Advanced medical imaging technologies are generally unavailable in low income, tropical settings despite the reality that neurologic disorders are disproportionately common in such environments. Through a series of donations as well as extramural research funding support, an MRI facility opened in Blantyre, Malawi in July 2008. Resulting opportunities for studying common tropical disorders, such as malaria and schistosomiasis, in vivo are promising. The subsequent improvements in local patient care were expected and exceptional and include major revisions in basic care protocols that may eventually impact care protocols at facilities in the region that do not have recourse to MRI. In addition, advanced neuroimaging technology has energized the medical education system, possibly slowing the brain drain. Advanced technologies, though potentially associated with significant fiscal opportunity costs, may bring unexpected and extensive benefits to the healthcare and medical education systems involved.

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Neuroschistosomiasis

Cited by 60 publications

References 71 publications

Schistosomiasis complications in tropical neurology: A review

Schistosomiasis complications in tropical neurology: A review

Cerebral Schistosomiasis Due to Schistosoma haematobium Confirmed by PCR Analysis of Brain Specimen

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Malawi: Contributions to Clinical Care, Medical Education and Biomedical Research

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