Neurosarcoidosis

Oksanen, Virpi

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1006296

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…125,126,128,129 Contrastenhanced CT may detect basal meningeal disease, focal meningeal or parenchymal mass lesions, nodules or plaques, periventricular white matter lesions, or obstructive or communicating hydrocephalus. 125,130 Multiple, well-defined, hyperdense enhancing lesions with surrounding edema are characteristic. 130 Coalescence may form large mass lesions, simulating neoplasm.…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Involvement (Selected Sites)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…125,130 Multiple, well-defined, hyperdense enhancing lesions with surrounding edema are characteristic. 130 Coalescence may form large mass lesions, simulating neoplasm. 130 Abnormalities on CT scan are nonspecific because similar lesions may be found in carcinomatosis or bacterial or fungal meningitis.…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Involvement (Selected Sites)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…130 Coalescence may form large mass lesions, simulating neoplasm. 130 Abnormalities on CT scan are nonspecific because similar lesions may be found in carcinomatosis or bacterial or fungal meningitis. 125 CT is less sensitive than MRI scan in detecting CNS sarcoidosis and may be normal in up to one third of patients with CNS sarcoidosis, especially when lesions are confined to the cranial or peripheral nerves or brainstem.…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Involvement (Selected Sites)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…125 CT is less sensitive than MRI scan in detecting CNS sarcoidosis and may be normal in up to one third of patients with CNS sarcoidosis, especially when lesions are confined to the cranial or peripheral nerves or brainstem. 130 Gadopentate dimeglumine (gadolinium)-enhanced MRI is superior to CT in visualizing sarcoid lesions in parenchyma, periventricular white matter, hypothalamus, and spinal cord [131][132][133][134] ( Figs. 52 and 53).…”

Section: Extrapulmonary Involvement (Selected Sites)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computed Tomographic Scanning in Sarcoidosis

Lynch

2003

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that involves the lungs or intrathoracic lymph nodes in more than 90% of patients. The clinical spectrum of sarcoidosis is protean, but pulmonary manifestations often dominate. Chest radiographs are abnormal in 90 to 95% of patients with sarcoidosis; the most characteristic feature is bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), present in 50 to 80% of patients. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates are present in 25 to 50% of patients. In this article, we review the radiographic features of sarcoidosis (both typical and atypical), and the impact of chest radiographic stage on long-term prognosis. Computed tomographic (CT) scans are more sensitive than chest radiographs in delineating parenchymal, mediastinal, and hilar structures, and distinctive CT patterns may be virtually pathognomonic for sarcoidosis in some patients. Routine CT scan is not appropriate to diagnose or manage sarcoidosis, but CT may be invaluable in patients with atypical clinical or chest radiographic findings or specific complications of sarcoidosis (pulmonary or extrapulmonary), or to assess prognosis. High-resolution thin-section CT scans (HRCT) may be helpful in selected patients with stage II or III sarcoidosis to discriminate active inflammation from irreversible fibrosis. This article discusses the salient HRCT features of sarcoidosis, accuracy of CT in the differential diagnosis, and correlations of HRCT with disease extent and activity, pulmonary function, and lesion reversibility.

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