Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: Towards a biobehavioral explanation

Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Pomerleau, Cynthia S.

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(84)90007-1

Cited by 379 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The consequences of nicotine use have been shown to include both the usual indices of addiction (e.g., tolerance and withdrawal, Henningfield, 1984;Hughes & Hatsukami, 1986) and situation-specific factors (e.g., improvement of performance, relief of anxiety, Pomerleau & Pomerleau, 1984). Moreover, sensitivity to nicotine, and presumably degree of dependence, appear to be stable over time, at least over the short run (Jones, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine

Pomerleau

Majchrzak

et al. 1990

Addictive Behaviors

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103

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-The Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (TQ) is often used in both research and treatment contexts to evaluate nicotine tolerance and physiological dependence in cigarette smokers. Recently, however, questions about its validity and its usefulness in comparison to other easily collected measures have been raised. In the present study, 100 male subjects reporting for experimental sessions (Sample I) and 50 male and female subjects entering a smoking cessation clinic program (Sample II) were administered the TQ and determinations of plasma cotinine during ad libitum smoking were made. TQ scores were found to be correlated with cotinine levels in both samples, and several of the individual items proved to have statistically significant discriminatory value. Other schemes for determining degree of dependence were considered and found not to be superior to the TQ. Suggestions for further refining the TQ are reviewed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine

Pomerleau

Majchrzak

et al. 1990

Addictive Behaviors

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103

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“…For example, it's well established that EEG alpha band power (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Hz) is negatively correlated with arousal levels. 16,17 Given that one of the most commonly reported reasons individuals use tobacco is to improve attention and arousal, [8][9][10][11] assessing N2, P3b, and alpha suppression before and after product usage may prove useful in objectively identifying which tobacco products elicit a preferential response. In line with this notion, previous research has shown that traditional cigarettes, or nicotine alone, can enhance alpha suppression, 18-21 N2, 22 and P3b amplitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has previously been demonstrated that the ability of a tobacco product to alter executive function, such as attention/arousal (also referred to as "cognitive control"), is directly related to product use. [8][9][10][11] That is, one of the hallmarks of a tobacco product that is deemed "acceptable" to consumers is the ability of the product to enhance executive control. However, direct measures of executive control are not typically employed when assessing the consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EEG can measure specific cognitive processes, such as attention and arousal, which have been linked to tobacco use and abuse. [8][9][10][11] When EEG is recorded during a target detection task, target detection is typically associated with two event-related potential (ERP) components: the N2 and P3b components. In visual tasks, N2 is believed to reflect the allocation of attention toward sensory information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aim of the present investigation was to explore the viability of using a combination of subjective and electrophysiological measures as tools to separate smokeless products based on their consumer acceptability. Whereas subjective measures were used to assess known cognitive constructs related to consumer acceptability, electrophysiology was used to objectively quantify changes in arousal/attention which have been linked to product use, [8][9][10][11] but that are not typically assessed. Given that attention/arousal is related to product liking, we would expect the electrophysiological and subjective measures to be partially correlated with one another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Buzzell

Das

Cruz‐Cano

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Adequate evaluation of novel tobacco products must include investigation of consumers' psychological response to such products. Traditionally, subjective scales of product liking have been used to assess consumer acceptability of tobacco products. However, subjective scales may miss cognitive changes that can only be captured by direct neurophysiological assessment. The present investigation explored the viability of using electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with traditional subjective measures, to assess consumer acceptability of five smokeless tobacco products. Given previous work linking product liking to arousal/attentional (executive function) enhancement, we focused on EEG measures of attention/arousal to objectively characterize cognitive changes associated with tobacco product use. Methods: During five separate laboratory visits, smokeless tobacco users used Verve discs, Ariva dissolvables, Skoal snuff, Camel snus, or Nicorette lozenges. The N2 and P3b event-related potential components elicited by an oddball task were used to index attentional changes before/after product usage. Additionally, resting state alpha band EEG activity was analyzed before/after product usage to index cortical arousal. Results: Although analyses of the subjective results provided limited inference, analyses of the electrophysiological measures, particularly the alpha suppression measure, revealed robust differences between products. Skoal elicited significantly enhanced alpha suppression compared to all four other products tested. Additionally, alpha suppression was found to correlate positively with subjective measures of satisfaction and psychological reward, but was unrelated to perceived aversion. Conclusions:The present results provide evidence that electrophysiological measures can yield important insights into consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products and are a valuable complement to subjective measures. Implications: This study is the first to employ a combination of electrophysiological measures and traditional subjective assays in order to assess the consumer acceptability of smokeless tobacco products. The results highlight the importance of adopting a multidimensional/multi-method approach to studying the consumer acceptability of tobacco products.

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A Randomized Trial of Nortriptyline for Smoking Cessation

Prochazka¹,

Weaver²,

Keller³

et al. 1998

Arch Intern Med

177

113

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Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: Towards a biobehavioral explanation

Cited by 379 publications

References 110 publications

Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine

Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

A Randomized Trial of Nortriptyline for Smoking Cessation

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