Neuropsychopharmacological effects of midazolam on the human brain

Wang, Junkai; Sun, Pei; Liang, Peipeng

doi:10.1186/s40708-020-00116-y

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Considering that the onset of action of ketamine is around 5 min [37] and that of midazolam is 10 min [38], it is possible that the child was not yet under the sedative's effect. Moreover, neuroimaging studies have reported that midazolam and ketamine differently affect brain functional connectivity related to children's cognitive abilities while sedated [39,40]. Post-encoding stress can also impact functional connectivity and memory performance [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Viana

Moterane

Green

et al. 2021

JCM

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The incidence of peri-procedural amnesia following procedural sedation in children is unclear and difficult to determine. This study aimed to apply quantitative and qualitative approaches to better understand amnesia following dental sedation of children. After Institutional Review Board Approval, children scheduled for sedation for dental procedures with oral midazolam (OM), oral midazolam and ketamine (OMK), or intranasal midazolam and ketamine (IMK) were recruited for examination of peri-procedural amnesia. Amnesia during the dental session was assessed using a three-stage method, using identification of pictures and an animal toy. On the day following the sedation, primary caregivers answered two questions about their children’s memory. One week later, the children received a semi-structured interview. Behavior and level of sedation during the dental session were recorded. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Triangulation was used. Thirty-five children (age: 36 to 76 months) participated in the quantitative analysis. Most children showed amnesia for the dental procedure (82.9%, n = 29/35) and remembered receiving the sedation (82.1%, n = 23/28 for oral administration; 59.3%, n = 16/27 for intranasal administration). The occurrence of amnesia for the dental procedure was slightly higher in the oral midazolam group compared with the other groups (44.8%, n = 13/29 for OM, 13.8%, n = 4/29 for OMK, and 41.4%, n = 12/29 for IMK). Twenty-eight children participated in the qualitative approach. The major theme identified was that some children could remember their procedures in detail. We conclude that peri-procedural amnesia of the dental procedure was common following sedation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Viana

Moterane

Green

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…When considering its application to the study of mind blanking, the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam might also be of particular interest (see Wang et al (2020). Given that mind blanking is a state where individuals are not consciously attending to external stimuli or internal thoughts, the sedative properties of midazolam might induce a similar state.…”

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering its application to the study of mind blanking, the sedative and amnesic effects of midazolam might also be of particular interest (see Wang al. (2020).…”

Section: Other Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two models of mind blanking

Kaufmann,

Parmigiani,

Kawagoe

et al. 2023

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Mind blanking is a mental state in which attention does not bring any perceptual input into conscious awareness. As this state is still largely unexplored, we suggest that a comprehensive understanding of mind blanking can be achieved through a multifaceted approach combining self‐assessment methods, neuroimaging and neuromodulation. In this article, we explain how electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation could be combined to help determine whether mind blanking is associated with a lack of mental content or a lack of linguistically or conceptually determinable mental content. We also question whether mind blanking occurs spontaneously or intentionally and whether these two forms are instantiated by the same or different neural correlates.

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“…Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique that enables the specific and sensitive assessment of biochemical and physiological changes in whole-body living organisms with pmol–nmol sensitivity. − As a whole-brain-penetrating imaging technique in the clinic, PET can visualize radiolabeled anesthetics or radiotracers interacting with anesthesia-related targets within or on cells. The combination of PET imaging and brain neurophysiology has brought innovation to the study of the mechanism of general anesthesia, − as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and physiological processes involved. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Toolbox of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for General Anesthesia Mechanism Research

Wang

Fan

et al. 2023

J. Med. Chem.

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With appropriate radiotracers, positron emission tomography (PET) allows direct or indirect monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of anesthetics, neurotransmitters, and biomarkers, making it an indispensable tool for studying the general anesthesia mechanism. In this Perspective, PET tracers that have been recruited in general anesthesia research are introduced in the following order: 1) 11 C/ 18 F-labeled anesthetics, i.e., PET tracers made from inhaled and intravenous anesthetics; 2) PET tracers targeting anesthesia-related receptors, e.g., neurotransmitters and voltage-gated ion channels; and 3) PET tracers for studying anesthesia-related neurophysiological effects and neurotoxicity. The radiosynthesis, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the above PET tracers are mainly discussed to provide a practical molecular toolbox for radiochemists, anesthesiologists, and those who are interested in general anesthesia.

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Neuropsychopharmacological effects of midazolam on the human brain

Cited by 12 publications

References 118 publications

Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Amnesia after Midazolam and Ketamine Sedation in Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Two models of mind blanking

A Molecular Toolbox of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for General Anesthesia Mechanism Research

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