Neuropsychology of Movement Sequencing Disorders and Apraxia

Roy, Éric; Square, Paula A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092668-1.50015-6

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Second, we found a neuroanatomical segregation for the neural substrates of various upper limb praxis components, responsible for specific cognitive processes. This confirms neuropsychological observations at the behavioural level [for reviews, see Peigneux and Van der Linden, 2000;Rothi et al, 1997b;Roy and Square, 1994], indicating that cognitive modules are dedicated to the processing of gestures " . .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Imaging a cognitive model of apraxia: The neural substrate of gesture‐specific cognitive processes

Peigneux

Linden

Garraux

et al. 2004

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The present study aimed to ascertain the neuroanatomical basis of an influential neuropsychological model for upper limb apraxia [Rothi LJ, et al. The Neuropsychology of Action. 1997. Hove, UK: Psychology Press]. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in healthy volunteers using H 2 15O PET during performance of four tasks commonly used for testing upper limb apraxia, i.e., pantomime of familiar gestures on verbal command, imitation of familiar gestures, imitation of novel gestures, and an action-semantic task that consisted in matching objects for functional use. We also re-analysed data from a previous PET study in which we investigated the neural basis of the visual analysis of gestures. First, we found that two sets of discrete brain areas are predominantly engaged in the imitation of familiar and novel gestures, respectively. Segregated brain activation for novel gesture imitation concur with neuropsychological reports to support the hypothesis that knowledge about the organization of the human body mediates the transition from visual perception to motor execution when imitating novel gestures [Goldenberg Neuropsychologia 1995;33:63-72]. Second, conjunction analyses revealed distinctive neural bases for most of the gesture-specific cognitive processes proposed in this cognitive model of upper limb apraxia. However, a functional analysis of brain imaging data suggested that one single memory store may be used for "to-be-perceived" and "to-be-produced" gestural representations, departing from Rothi et al.'s proposal. Based on the above considerations, we suggest and discuss a revised model for upper limb apraxia that might best account for both brain imaging findings and neuropsychological dissociations reported in the apraxia literature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Imaging a cognitive model of apraxia: The neural substrate of gesture‐specific cognitive processes

Peigneux

Linden

Garraux

et al. 2004

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Roy and Square8 11 proposed two subsystems involved in praxis: the conceptual system includes knowledge of tools and actions, whereas the production system is concerned with the execution of action. Our patient was able to identify gestures which he was unable to perform, a finding consistent with preservation of the conceptual system in conjunction with impairment in the action production system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improvement in performance when using real objects could be explained by various mechanisms. Both De Renzi et al 21 and Roy and Square8 proposed that tools provide additional information which could be either perceptual (visual and/or tactile) or contextual in nature. The roles of visual and tactile information in the facilitatory effect seen with object usage have not been systematically explored, and many issues remain to be clarified, including the specific role of tactile information in praxis, as well as the nature and relative importance of visual and tactile information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action

Graham

Zeman

Young

et al. 1999

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objectives-To investigate the roles of visual and tactile information in a dyspraxic patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who showed dramatic facilitation in miming the use of a tool or object when he was given a tool to manipulate; and to study the nature of the praxic and neuropsychological deficits in CBD. Methods-The subject had clinically diagnosed CBD, and exhibited alien limb behaviour and striking ideomotor dyspraxia. General neuropsychological evaluation focused on constructional and visuospatial abilities, calculation, verbal fluency, episodic and semantic memory, plus spelling and writing because impairments in this domain were presenting complaints. Four experiments assessed the roles of visual and tactile information in the facilitation of motor performance by tools. Experiment 1 evaluated the patient's performance of six limb transitive actions under six conditions: (1) after he described the relevant tool from memory, (2) after he was shown a line drawing of the tool, (3) after he was shown a real exemplar of the tool, (4) after he watched the experimenter perform the action, (5) while he was holding the tool, and (6) immediately after he had performed the action with the tool but with the tool removed from his grasp. Experiment 2 evaluated the use of the same six tools when the patient had tactile but no visual information (while he was blindfolded). Experiments 3 and 4 assessed performance of actions appropriate to the same six tools when the patient had either neutral or inappropriate tactile feedbackthat is, while he was holding a non-tool object or a diVerent tool. Results-Miming of tool use was not facilitated by visual input; moreover, lack of visual information in the blindfolded condition did not reduce performance. The principal positive finding was a dramatic facilitation of the patient's ability to demonstrate object use when he was holding either the appropriate tool or a neutral object. Tools inappropriate to the requested action produced involuntary performance of the stimulus relevant action. Conclusions-Tactile stimulation was paramount in the facilitation of motor performance in tool use by this patient with CBD. This outcome suggests that tactile information should be included in models which hypothesise modality specific inputs to the action production system. Significant impairments in spelling and letter production that have not previously been reported in CBD have also been documented.

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“…The left hemisphere has been implicated in processing movements of relatively high complexity, planning and sequencing movements, shifting motor attention, and selecting a motor response from a set of competitors [7,36–38]. In addition, investigators have suggested that patients with left hemisphere injury are more impaired in less naturalistic testing conditions (eg, performing gestures to verbal command versus use of an actual object) and that the left hemisphere is specialized for carrying out motor acts in the abstract or in a context-independent manner [7].…”

Section: Anatomy Of Ideomotor Limb Apraxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on apraxia

Gross

Grossman

2008

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

108

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Apraxia is classically defined as difficulty performing learned, skilled gestures. In this review, we describe the range of motor impairments classified as apraxia, focusing on ideomotor limb apraxia. We present several prominent models of praxis to explain the variety of difficulties seen in patients with apraxia. We also discuss the large-scale frontal-parietal-basal ganglia network thought to underlie praxis. In this context, we highlight the common occurrence of limb apraxia in corticobasal degeneration, a neurodegenerative condition characterized by frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia disease.

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Neuropsychology of Movement Sequencing Disorders and Apraxia

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Imaging a cognitive model of apraxia: The neural substrate of gesture‐specific cognitive processes

Imaging a cognitive model of apraxia: The neural substrate of gesture‐specific cognitive processes

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action

Update on apraxia

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