Neuropsychology of Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Abstract

A comprehensive, empirically based review of the published studies addressing neuropsychological performance in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was conducted to identify patterns of performance deficits. Findings from 33 published studies were submitted to a meta-analytic procedure producing sample-size-weighted mean effect sizes across test measures. Results suggest that neuropsychological deficits are expressed in adults with ADHD across multiple domains of functioning, with notable impairments in attention, behavioral inhibition, and memory, whereas normal performance is noted in simple reaction time. Theoretical and developmental considerations are discussed, including the role of behavioral inhibition and working memory impairment. Future directions for research based on these findings are highlighted, including further exploration of specific impairments and an emphasis on particular tests and testing conditions.

Computerized Progressive Attention Training (CPAT) vs. Active Control in Adults with ADHD

“…This suggests that the CPAT Fig. 3 program may have caused participants to be more efficient in conflict resolution, which is an important component of cognitive control that has been shown to be impaired in previous studies with individuals with ADHD (Hervey et al 2004;Segal et al 2015). As for sustained attention, participants in both groups showed significant improvement following training, which was maintained in the follow-up assessment.…”

Perfil neuropsicológico de adultos com queixas de desatenção: diferenças entre portadores de TDAH e controles clínicos

“…Portadores de TDAH apresentaram desempenho significativamente inferior aos controles em tarefa de memória operacional auditivo-verbal (Span de Dígitos), tanto na ordem direta quanto inversa, o que corrobora achados de alguns estudos com amostras de adultos e de crianças 23,27 .…”

Neuropsychological functioning of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder followed prospectively into adolescence: Evidence for continuing deficits?

“…NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript to non-diagnosed comparison individuals, samples of children and adults with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show significant neuropsychological deficits, particularly those linked with EF (see, for example, Hinshaw, Carte, Sami, Treuting, & Zupan, 2002;Klorman et al, 1999; Nigg, Blaskey, Huang-Pollack, & Rappley, 2002;Seidman, Biederman, Faraone, Weber, & Ouellette, 1997;Seidman et al, 2005; see reviews of Barkley, Grodzinsky, & duPaul, 1992;Hervey, Epstein, & Curry, 2004;Seidman et al, 2004; Sergeant, Guerts, & Oosterlaan, 2002). Such deficits appear on a number of different tests and are largely independent of comorbid conditions that accompany ADHD Seidman et al, 1997).…”

“…Whereas developmental changes exist in core symptomatology, such that hyperactive-impulsive symptoms decline at a greater rate than inattentive symptoms by adolescence (e.g., Hart, Lahey, Loeber, Applegate, & Frick, 1995), relatively few data are available on the stability of EF deficits. Although cross- sectional investigations reveal no significant differences in EF deficits between children and adolescents with ADHD (see Seidman et al, 2005) and although reviews of the adult literature show that such deficits are present in adults with this disorder (Hervey et al, 2004;Woods, Lovejoy, & Ball, 2002), secular trends or cohort effects constrain interpretations of such nonprospective investigations.Prospective longitudinal findings include those of Hopkins, Perlman, Hechtman, and Weiss (1979), who found evidence for continuing deficits in a hyperactive sample (relative to comparison individuals) through late adolescence, on tests related to impulsivity and setshifting. By young adulthood, however, such differences had diminished (Hechtman, Weiss, & Perlman, 1984).…”