Neuropsychological performance in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV infection

Bornstein, Robert A.; Nasrallah, Henry A.; Para, Michael F.; Whitacre, Caroline C.; Rosenberger, Patricia H.; Fass, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199304000-00011

Cited by 151 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have reported no differences between asymptomatic injection drug users and seronegative controls Selnes et al, 1992). Bornstein et al (1993) noted that neither recency nor severity of drug/alcohol abuse/dependence were associated with NP impairment in HIV infection - however, the drugs of abuse were not clearly specified in their study. To date, few studies have focused on whether HIV and alcohol consumption operate synergistically to produce more marked cognitive impairment in HIV infected samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American Men

Durvasula

Myers

Mason

et al. 2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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This study examines the impact of alcohol use and HIV infection on neuropsychological performance in a sample of 497 community-resident African American men. HIV serostatus and alcohol use (during the past 12 months) exerted an interactive effect on psychomotor speed, reaction time, and motor speed, and in general, HIV infected heavy drinkers evidenced significantly poorer performance than other HIV positive subjects. Main effects for HIV serostatus were noted for reaction time, with seronegative men performing better than seropositives. This study examines a sample of men who continue to show increases in HIV infection, however, sample specific issues such as comorbid substance use, past histories of head injury, and lack of data on alcohol abuse and dependence require caution in definitively attributing the findings solely to alcohol and HIV. However, these findings suggest that relatively recent heavy alcohol use may represent a potential risk factor for more rapid or pronounced cognitive decline in HIV positive individuals, and that these patterns may be even more pronounced in persons with comorbid substance use. Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American MenNumerous studies to date have investigated the synergistic effects of psychoactive drugs and HIV on disease progression and neuropsychological (NP) functioning (Bornstein et al., 1993;Concha et al., 1992, Durvasula et al., 2000Marder et al., 1992, Selnes et al., 1997. These studies, which have largely examined the independent and interactive effects of heroin and cocaine abuse on NP functioning, have yielded mixed results, and most of these studies have been conducted with injection drug users. No studies have demonstrated any interactive effects between drug use and HIV on NP performance. Some studies have reported no differences between asymptomatic injection drug users and seronegative controls Selnes et al., 1992). Bornstein et al. (1993) noted that neither recency nor severity of drug/alcohol abuse/dependence were associated with NP impairment in HIV infection - however, the drugs of abuse were not clearly specified in their study. To date, few studies have focused on whether HIV and alcohol consumption operate synergistically to produce more marked cognitive impairment in HIV infected samples. This is a noteworthy oversight given the relatively high rates of alcohol abuse and dependence among HIV positive individuals (Boscarino, Avins, Woods, Lindan, Hudes, & Clark, 1995). Alcohol Use and NP PerformanceThe adverse neuropsychological consequences of alcohol abuse and dependence are well documented. Mild to moderate NP deficits have been observed in individuals with histories of alcohol dependence (Oscar-Berman, Shagrin, Evert, & Epstein, 1997;Parsons & Nixon, 1993). Deficits are typically observed in attention, visuospatial functioning, executive functioning, and in learning and memory (Parsons & Nixon, 1993;Rourke & Loberg, 1996). There is a wide spectrum of effects as a fun...

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mentioning

confidence: 88%

Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American Men

Durvasula

Myers

Mason

et al. 2006

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…23 When there is question, neurocognitive testing 24,25 and a full neurologic examination can assist in differentiating between cognitive difficulties due to depression and impairment caused by a neurodegenerative processes. If other symptoms of depression are present, an antidepressant trial may be warranted; cognitive function can then be assessed again after the depressive symptoms have lessened.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Depression in Primary Care

Colibazzi

Hsu

Gilmer

2006

Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord.

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“…HIV-infection can be associated with CNS involvement and changes in neurobehavioral status, particularly in advanced stages of the illness (Bornstein et al, 1992;Grant et al, 1987;Heaton et al, 1995;Stern et al, 1991). Neuroimaging and neuropsychological (NP) studies suggest initial preferential involvement of frontostriatal circuitries, reduction in white matter volumes, and a spotty pattern of mild NP impairments, with increasing structural abnormalities and NP impairment as HIV disease state advances (Heaton et al, 1995;Jernigan et al, 1993;Stout et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning

Heaton

Marcotte

Mindt

et al. 2004

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

673

689

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HIV-1 infection can be associated with neuropsychological (NP) deficits ranging from subtle to severe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional, or "real-world" impact of HIV-associated NP impairment in a group of 267 HIV-infected participants. All participants received comprehensive NP, neuromedical, and standardized functional evaluations that included laboratory measures of shopping, cooking, financial management, medication management and vocational abilities. Compared to NP-normal participants, those with NP impairment performed significantly worse on all laboratory measures of everyday functioning. Multivariate analyses revealed that the NP ability domains of Abstraction0Executive Function, Learning, Attention0Working Memory and Verbal abilities most strongly and consistently predicted failures on the functional battery. Both NP impairment and impairment on the functional battery were significantly associated with subjective experiences of cognitive difficulties, as well as unemployment and increased dependence in activities of daily living; multivariate prediction models that also considered depressed mood and biological measures of disease progression revealed that impairment on the functional battery and depression were the only unique predictors of all three indicators of "real-world" functioning. The current results add to growing evidence concerning the clinical significance of HIV-associated NP impairment. Objective, laboratory based functional measures, such as those used here, may compliment NP testing in future studies directed at understanding the impact on life quality of central nervous system disorders and their treatments. Finally, there is a need for additional research investigating the apparently independent effect of depression on level of everyday functioning in HIV infected persons. (JINS, 2004, 10, 317-331.)

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Neuropsychological performance in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV infection

Cited by 151 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American Men

Relationship between Alcohol Use/Abuse, HIV Infection and Neuropsychological Performance in African American Men

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Depression in Primary Care

The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning

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