Neuropsychological Measures in the Arab World: A Systematic Review

Fasfous, Ahmed F.; Al-Joudi, Haya F.; Puente, Antonio E.; Pérez-Garcı́a, Miguel

doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9347-3

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Inhabitants of the Arab world are 370 million, in addition to eight million Arab immigrants living outside their country of origin [20]. Egypt's population alone makes up 23.6% of the Arabic-speaking population, and although Arabic is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the world [21], the availability of standardized neuropsychological tests in Arabic is scarce. This gives rise to the need of developing valid neuropsychological tests for these populations [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

Elkholy¹,

Tawfik

Ebeid

et al. 2020

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background The high illiteracy rates in the North African and Middle Eastern region make direct cognitive testing challenging. Validated instruments for dementia in Arabic language are lacking specially those targeting low-educated subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a cognitive evaluation battery suitable for both educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting: Ain-Shams University geriatric and ophthalmology wards, geriatrics outpatient clinic, and geriatric clubs. Participants: 159 male and female participants aged ≥ 60 years were recruited. Measurements Cut-off points were determined according to DSM-IV criteria for dementia and MMSE scores which divided the participants into 3 quadrants as normal, having mild cognitive impairment and having dementia then application of the new battery test was done. Results Test re-test reliability ranged from adequate to high in most of its tests with r ≥ 0.7. There was a statistical significance between all battery tests when divided into normal and dementia according to DSM IV criteria except in digit span forward length, digit span backward length, stimulus cue of confrontation naming and judgment. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each battery subset, for the whole sample, for low-educated group and group with > 9 years education according to three quadrants of MMSE. Conclusion A new valid and reliable neurocognitive evaluation battery that can differentiate between normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia in both educated and illiterate subjects under the name of Ain Shams Cognitive Assessment (ASCA) scale is now available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

Elkholy¹,

Tawfik

Ebeid

et al. 2020

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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“…As one example, Egypt has been at the forefront developing standardized Arabic evaluations, beginning as early as the 1920s (led by El-Kabbani) and extending into commonly used batteries developed in other cultures (e.g., Halstead-Retain and Luria-Nebraska;Al-Joudi, 2015). A recent review by Fasfous, Al-Joudi, Puente, and Perez-Garcia (2017) identified that, (Fasfous et al, 2017). Other efforts to develop normative standards outside of American and European cultures suggest comparability of the construct measured when normative standardizations and underlying issues of cultural validity are appropriately addressed (e.g., Zambia, Hestad et al, 2016, Kabula et al, 2017China, Gupta et al, 2014, Heaton et al, 2008, Shi et al, 2015Brazil, de Almeida, et al, 2013;India, Ghate et al, 2015, Kamat et al, 2012, Malda, van de Vijver, Srinivasan, Transler, & Sukumar, 2010Czech Republic, Bezdicek et al, 2012South Africa, Nell, 1999;Nell, Myers, Colvin, & Rees, 1994;Cameroon, Ruffieux, et al, 2010;South Korea, Ko, Rosen, Simpson, & Brown, 2014), although there are some exceptions (e.g., lexical fluency and block design in Cameroon, Ruffieux, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Cultural and International Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Assessment: Past and Future

Casaletto

Heaton

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

141

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Neuropsychological assessment tools are the staple of our field. The development of standardized metrics sensitive to brain-behavior relationships has shaped the neuropsychological questions we can ask, our understanding of discrete brain functions, and has informed the detection and treatment of neurological disorders. We identify key turning points and innovations in neuropsychological assessment over the past 40-50 years that highlight how the tools used in common practice today came to be. Also selected for emphasis are several exciting lines of research and novel approaches that are underway to further probe and characterize brain functions to enhance diagnostic and treatment outcomes. We provide a brief historical review of different clinical neuropsychological assessment approaches (Lurian, Flexible and Fixed Batteries, Boston Process Approach) and critical developments that have influenced their interpretation (normative standards, cultural considerations, longitudinal change, common metric batteries, and translational assessment constructs). Lastly, we discuss growing trends in assessment including technological advances, efforts to integrate neuropsychology across disciplines (e.g., primary care), and changes in neuropsychological assessment infrastructure. Neuropsychological assessment has undergone massive growth in the past several decades. Nonetheless, there remain many unanswered questions and future challenges to better support measurement tools and translate assessment findings into meaningful recommendations and treatments. As technology and our understanding of brain function advance, efforts to support infrastructure for both traditional and novel assessment approaches and integration of complementary brain assessment tools from other disciplines will be integral to inform brain health treatments and promote the growth of our field. (JINS, 2017, 23, 778-790)

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“…Although Arabic is one of the most widely used languages worldwide, little is known regarding the standardized neuropsychological tests available in Arabic [1]. One of the most widely used assessment packages in dementia is the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) which was established in 1986.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance and cutoff value for the clock drawing test, semantic verbal fluency, and the short Boston Naming Test in community-dwelling educated older adults with neurocognitive disorders

ELbedewy

Elokl

2020

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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Background: Little is known regarding the standardized neuropsychological tests available in Arabic. The aim is to determine the diagnostic performance and the best cutoff value for the clock drawing test (CDT), animal category test of semantic verbal fluency (VF), and the short form of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in identifying patients with mild and major neurocognitive disorders among community-dwelling educated Egyptian older adults using Arabic versions of those tests. Community-dwelling educated male and female older adults aged 60 years or older. Successive patients were attending the outpatient geriatrics clinic at the Ain Shams University Hospital during a 12month study period from January to December 2016. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Informed consent to participate in the study was received from each participant and/or his/her next of kin. Patients and/or their next of kin who declined to participate were excluded, as were those who refused to complete the assessment. A two-step protocol was followed.Step 1: Participants were divided into three groups according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders. The assessment of cognitive function included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), patient's current functional status regarding basic and instrumental activities of daily living by the Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS), and patient detailed history and examination based on protocol five of the CERAD assessment packet.Step 2: The application of the Arabic versions of ELokl et al. 2001 VF test, the BNT, and the CD by a clinical psychologist blinded to the initial assessment results. Results: In current study, AUC for CD, VF, and BN are 0.807, 0.77, and 0.753 respectively for mild NCD and 0.884, 0.877, and 0.839 respectively for major NCD while cutoff values for CD, VF, and BN are 2, 12, and 14 respectively for mild NCD and 2, 9, and 13 respectively for major NCD. Conclusion: Verbal fluency, clock drawing, and Boston naming showed reasonable diagnostic performance in educated Egyptian elderly and should be considered separately or in combination for the assessment of cognitive function. Further research is warranted.

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Neuropsychological Measures in the Arab World: A Systematic Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 86 publications

A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

Neuropsychological Assessment: Past and Future

Diagnostic performance and cutoff value for the clock drawing test, semantic verbal fluency, and the short Boston Naming Test in community-dwelling educated older adults with neurocognitive disorders

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