Neuropsychological markers of dementia in patients with memory complaints

Guarch, Joana; Marcos, T.; Salamero, Manel; Blesa, Rafael

doi:10.1002/gps.1074

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…10 Longitudinal studies employing neuropsychological assessment in small groups of subjects have suggested that, following the amnesia-only phase, deficits in executive functions and/or semantic memory arise before all domains of cognitive processing become affected. 32 Other studies have shown both episodic memory and executive function tasks to be predictive of latter onset of AD, 33 and some, 34 indeed report executive functions to be equally predictive for the latter development of AD. Thus, although an episodic memory deficit is generally considered to be the first sign of AD, these longitudinal results support a multiple pattern of deterioration prior to AD.…”

Section: Deletedmentioning

confidence: 97%

Executive Functions Deficit in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Traykov¹,

Raoux

Latour

et al. 2007

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

166

115

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Objective: To investigate whether patients diagnosed as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have also impairment in attention/executive functions and, therefore to clarify whether all subcomponents of executive control are equally affected in MCI.Background: MCI refers to the transitional state between normal ageing and dementia.Amnestic MCI is characterized by impaired episodic memory, although subtle impairment of executive functions has been noted on neuropsychological tests.Methods: We investigated 20 MCI patients and 20 normal controls using episodic memory, attention/executive functions, language and praxis tests. Results: MCI patients had a significantly lower scores on all measures of the Free and CuedSelective Reminding Test (p<0.05 to 0.01) than controls. Furthermore MCI had a greater number of perseverations (p<0.01) on Modified Card Sorting Test and the lowest performance on the Stroop test (p<0.02).Conclusion: Our findings showed impairment in episodic memory performance in MCI as compared to that of controls. In addition, MCI patients had problems with response inhibition, switching and cognitive flexibility which encompass various aspects of executive functions. This suggests that MCI may be identified by using a more detailed procedure for the assessment of cognitive decline than the evaluation of memory alone. IntroductionThe recent developments in drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and the need to characterize the cognitive profile of the earliest stages of the disease.Recent research has identified a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and AD, known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Other studies of MCI report cognitive deficits similar to those described by Petersen and colleagues. 5,6 However, in recent years, the literature has reported that, while memory is the hallmark of patients with amnestic MCI, they are impaired on a variety of tasks that have commonly been considered a measure of executive functions. reported recently that tasks requiring executive control are significantly affected in the preclinical phase of AD and are reliable predictors of the disease before diagnosis. The results of these studies emphasised the importance of attention and executive function in MCI patients. However, it must be pointed out that variability across studies in both tasks used to examine aspects of executive function, and in the MCI definition, makes it difficult to determine which aspects of executive control are affected in MCI. Consequently, we selected executive tasks more "universally" accepted like those mentioned in the abovecited studies. The objective was to avoid to further clouding the issues by introducing additional measures.The aims of our study were to investigate whether patients diagnosed as amnestic MCI have also impairment in attention/executive functions and, therefore to clarify whether all subcomponents of executive control are equally affected in MCI. Materials and methods ...

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Section: Deletedmentioning

confidence: 97%

Executive Functions Deficit in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Traykov¹,

Raoux

Latour

et al. 2007

Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

166

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, work on such an article is already well in progress. One recurring finding in studies on MCI is that a considerable proportion of MCI subjects have "benign" forms of MCI; they either are stationary (i.e., do not progress to dementia) or even improve over time (Bozoki et al, 2001;Guarch et al, 2004;Ritchie et al, 2001). More exact diagnostic procedures have been called for (Luis et al, 2003), and are obviously needed in order to, as early as possible, identify the subjects who are at greatest risk for dementia.…”

Section: Neuropsychology Of MCI With Alzheimer-typical Csf 587mentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic memory and speed/attention deficits are associated with Alzheimer-typical CSF abnormalities in MCI

Nordlund

Rolstad

Klang

et al. 2008

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as the prodromal stage of dementia disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).Objective: To compare the neuropsychological profiles of MCI subjects with normal concentrations of total tau (T-t) and Ab42 in CSF (MCI-norm) to MCI subjects with deviating concentrations of the biomarkers (MCI-dev). MCI-norm (N 5 73) and MCI-dev (N 5 73) subjects were compared to normal controls (N 5 50) on tests of speed0attention, memory, visuospatial function, language and executive function.Results: MCI-norm performed overall better than MCI-dev, specifically on tests of speed and attention and episodic memory. When MCI-dev subjects were subclassified into those with only high T-tau (MCI-tau), only low Ab42 (MCI-Ab) and both high T-tau and low Ab42 (MCI-tauAb), MCI-tauAb tended to perform slightly worse. MCI-tau and MCI-Ab performed quite similarly.Conclusions: Considering the neuropsychological differences, many MCI-norm probably had more benign forms of MCI, or early non-AD forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Although most MCI-dev performed clearly worse than MCI-norm on the neuropsychological battery, some did not show any deficits when compared to age norms. A combination of CSF analyses and neuropsychology could be a step toward a more exact diagnosis of MCI as prodromal AD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 582-590.)

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“…However, numerous cross-sectional studies failed to find significant relationships (e.g., Bolla et al, 1991;Jorm et al, 1994;Jungwirth et al, 2004;O'Connor et al, 1990;Schmidt et al, 2001;Sunderland et al, 1986), although a few exceptions do exist Lam et al, 2005;Podewils et al, 2003). Similar results emerge from longitudinal studies where a significant relationship between SMCs and objective memory performance is sometimes found (Dufouil et al, 2005;Guarch et al, 2004;Jorm et al, 2001;Martin & Zimprich, 2003;Schmand et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2004), and some-times not (Frerichs & Tuokko, 2006;Jorm et al, 1997;Taylor et al, 1992). Thus, there is little consensus regarding whether SMCs are associated with objective memory impairments or confer risk for future dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moderating role of negative affect on objective verbal memory performance and subjective memory complaints in healthy older adults

Dux

Woodard

Calamari

et al. 2008

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are part of the diagnostic criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), yet little is known about their etiology. In some previous studies, no direct relation has been found between SMCs and objective memory performance, yet significant correlations have been identified between SMCs and psychological factors such as depression and anxiety. In the current study, we examined whether negative affect moderated the relation between objective memory functioning and SMCs in a sample of healthy, non-demented participants aged 65 and older. As predicted, several negative affect measures moderated the relationship between objective cognitive functioning and SMCs. In the absence of objective memory impairment as indexed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Dementia Rating Scale-2nd Edition (DRS-2), higher levels of negative affect were associated with increased levels of SMCs. Moreover, a lower order negative affect factor, anxiety sensitivity, significantly moderated the relation between objective memory functioning and SMCs, after controlling for higher order measures of general negative affectivity. Findings suggest that negative affect, particularly anxiety sensitivity, distorts the subjective appraisal of one's own memory, such that people high on negative affect factors report more episodes of forgetting, even in the absence of objective cognitive impairments. (JINS, 2008, 14, 327-336.)

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Neuropsychological markers of dementia in patients with memory complaints

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Executive Functions Deficit in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Executive Functions Deficit in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Episodic memory and speed/attention deficits are associated with Alzheimer-typical CSF abnormalities in MCI

The moderating role of negative affect on objective verbal memory performance and subjective memory complaints in healthy older adults

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