Neuropsychological functioning in opioid use disorder: A research synthesis and meta-analysis

Wollman, Scott C; Hauson, Alexander O; Hall, Matthew; Connors, Eric J; Allen, Kenneth E.; Stern, Mark J.; Stephan, Rick A.; Kimmel, Christine L; Sarkissians, Sharis; Barlet, Brianna D; Flora-Tostado, Christopher

doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1517262

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…However, in the present study the magnitude of effect for cognitive impulsivity (decision making) was modest (effect size = 0.6), compared with the results of the meta‐analyses. The effect sizes estimated for the verbal and visual working memory were also different in our study and the meta‐analysis . These differences could be attributed to the diverse statistics used (partial η 2 in our study, as opposed to the Cohen's d in the meta‐analysis) and the difference in the population studied.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…We studied a wide range of cognitive functions: decision making, cognitive impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, conceptual thinking, attention, and working memory. We have accounted for some of the potential confounders and effect modifiers such as years of education, age of the participants, the severity of opioid dependence, and presence of co‐morbidities . The GLM controlled for the effect of the group difference in the mean age of the participants and the mean years of education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have accounted for some of the potential confounders and effect modifiers such as years of education, age of the participants, the severity of opioid dependence, and presence of co-morbidities. 3,14 The GLM controlled for the effect of the group difference in the mean age of the participants and the mean years of education. No significant differences were observed between the OD and OCaD groups with respect to the distribution of other potential confounders, that is, severity of opioid dependence, presence of tobacco dependence, and co-morbid hepatitis C. Other confounders like the co-morbid HIV infection, history of head injury and seizures were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent meta‐analysis by Wollman and colleagues showed small to medium effect sizes for dysfunctions in attention, working memory, and executive function . Another meta‐analysis in individuals on methadone maintenance showed comparable cognitive impairment . These reviews would unequivocally suggest an association of chronic opioid use (both illicit and used as treatment) and neurocognitive impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Another metaanalysis in individuals on methadone maintenance showed comparable cognitive impairment. 3 These reviews would unequivocally suggest an association of chronic opioid use (both illicit and used as treatment) and neurocognitive impairment. However, there is still some inconsistency with regard to the magnitude and the domains of cognitive functions affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Cannabis Dependence Add on to the Neurocognitive Impairment Among Patients With Opioid Dependence? A Cross‐Sectional Comparative Study

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives Chronic opioid exposure has been linked with neurocognitive impairments. Evidence of residual impairment with cannabis use is less consistent. We investigated whether patients with opioid and cannabis dependence perform poorly compared with those with opioid dependence alone. Methods We recruited three groups of participants aged 18 to 55 years: opioid and cannabis dependence (OCaD; n = 21), only opioid dependence (OD; n = 19), and a control group (HC; n = 20). Subjects with other substance use, human immunodeficiency virus, head injury, epilepsy, and severe mental illness were excluded. Cognitive tests, performed after at least 1 week of abstinence, consisted of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), Iowa gambling task (IGT), trail making tests A and B (TMT‐A and B), verbal and visual N‐back test (NBT), and standard progressive matrices for intelligence quotient (IQ). The general linear model was used to compare the groups with age and years of education as covariates. Results IQ and severity of opioid dependence were comparable in the three groups. The mean duration of cannabis use was 76.2 (±39.4) months. Compared with the HC, both OD and OCaD had significant impairment on the IGT, WCST, TMTs, and NBT. No significant group difference was observed between the OD and OCaD groups. Discussion and Conclusions Opioid dependence is associated with impairments in decision making, executive function, working memory, and attention. Co‐morbid cannabis dependence had similar profiles of cognitive impairments. Scientific Significance Co‐morbid cannabis dependence might not add on to the existing cognitive dysfunction in opioid dependence. Further studies should be done with a larger sample. (Am J Addict 2020;29:120–128)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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