Neuropsychological findings and psychiatric symptoms in HIV-1 infected and noninfected drug users

Pakesch, G; Loimer, Norbert; Grünberger, J; Pfersmann, D; Linzmayer, L; Mayerhofer, S

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(92)90108-f

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings are congruent with prior SPECT studies demonstrating decreased rCBF in temporal cortex during opiate withdrawal (Danos et al 1998;Krystal et al 1995). Such temporal cortex abnormalities might, in part, be associated with impaired visuospatial/visuomotor function and visual memory of opiate abusers reported in prior studies (Pakesch et al 1992), as superior temporal lobes participate in sensory information processing (Karnath 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Opiate-dependent subjects have been reported to have various kinds of neurobiological abnormalities, such as neuropsychological dysfunctions (Ornstein et al 2000;Pakesch et al 1992) and neurophysiological abnormalities (Davydov and Polunina 2004). In addition, cerebral perfusion defects in opiate-dependent subjects have been suggested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence

et al. 2005

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“…A more recent study by Pakesch et al (1992) compared opiate abusers to normal controls and found that opiate abusers scored significantly below control subjects on a visual memory recall test (Benton Visual Retention Test). Later, Ornstein and colleagues (Ornstein et al 2000) found that chronic heroin use impaired performance on sequence generation tasks, spatial working memory and visual pattern recognition memory.…”

Section: Chronic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Consequences of Opiate Use

2007

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Approximately 3.7 million individuals have used heroin and other opiate substances in their lifetime. Despite increasing knowledge of the effects of heroin, it remains the most abused opiate and use among adults has recently increased. The empirical literature examining the neurocognitive effects of acute and chronic opioid use remains limited; however, findings to date suggest that the use of opiates has both acute and long-term effects on cognitive performance. Neuropsychological data indicate deficits in attention, concentration, recall, visuospatial skills and psychomotor speed with both acute and chronic opioid use. The long-term effects of opiate use appear to have the greatest impact on executive functions, including the ability to shift cognitive set and inhibit inappropriate response tendencies. Factors that contribute to addiction and recovery are also discussed, as it is difficult to disentangle the effects of opiate use on cognitive performance from other factors that may affect neurobehavioral measures.

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“…The majority of drug users who are HIV infected may suffer from other psychiatric disorders (21,22). It is suggested that the severity of psychiatric symptoms after HIV testing may be greater in drug users than non-drug users (23), consequently, drug use/ misuse is a more important cause of psychopathology than the virus itself (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorders and their related risk factors among adults in Epworth, Zimbabwe

Sebit

Tombe²,

Siziya³

et al. 2004

E Af Med Jrnl

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Objectives: To examine the prevalence of HIV infection, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychiatric symptoms/signs, alcohol use/misuse, CD4 cell counts and risk factors in adult patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Epworth, which is about 15km on the southeastern part of Harare, Zimbabwe. Subjects: Two hundred subjects were included in the study out of which six were excluded beacause of HIV-1 indeterminate results. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 200 subjects recruited in a crosssectional study in Epworth, Zimbabwe. Six subjects had indeterminate HIV-I antibody results and were excluded from the study. The remaining 194 subjects of whom 101 (52.1%) knew about their sero-status and were consecutively recruited, whereas, 93 (47.9%) did not know about their sero-status and were recruited by a systematic random sampling method (1-in-3). They were then interviewed about neuropsychiatric disorders using BPRS, MADRS, AUDIT and MINI Mental State Test, including the risk factors related to HIV infection. After ELISA tests' results, the two groups were combined and then categorised into HIV positive (n=115) and HlV negative (n=79) subjects. Main outcome measures: Prevalence, neuropsychiatric disorders, increased CD4 cell counts and risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: The findings were that the overall point prevalence of the HIV infection was 59.3% (115/194). Comparative analyses between seropositive and seronegative HIV/AIDS subjects showed: over two thirds (71.3%) of the HIV positive subjects suffered from psychiatric disorders, more than those with HIV negative 44.3% (OR= 3.12, 95% Cl= 1.64-5.95, P=0.0002), and subjects aged 35 years and less were mostly HIV seronegatives (n= 77.2%, OR= 2.34, 95% CI= 1.18-4.75, P=0.014). The overall prevalence of alcohol use/misuse was 41(21.1%), with higher prevalence rate among HIV positive subjects, 28 (24.3%) than those who were HIV negative, 13 (16.5%). The commonest psychiatric symptoms/signs (P<0.05) were emotional withdrawal, depressed mood, suspiciousness, apparent sadness, reduced sleep and suicidal thoughts (specially among women). Conclusion: There is very high point prevalence of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorders, including a moderate prevalence rate of alcohol use/misuse in this less affluent community that warranted intervention.

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Neuropsychological findings and psychiatric symptoms in HIV-1 infected and noninfected drug users

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence

Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence

Neuropsychological Consequences of Opiate Use

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorders and their related risk factors among adults in Epworth, Zimbabwe

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