Neuropsychological Differences Between Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review

Harciarek, Michał; Jodzio, Krzysztof

doi:10.1007/s11065-005-7093-4

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Perhaps the most consistent finding is the relative preservation of episodic memory in FTD relative to other neurodegenerative patients (Harciarek & Jodzio, 2005;Hutchinson & Mathias, 2007;Kramer et al, 2003;Perry & Hodges, 2000). To some degree, this finding is circular, since absence of early amnesia is one of the diagnostic criteria for FTD.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Features Of Ftdmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Early Neuropsychological and Behavioral Characteristics of Frontotemporal Dementia

et al. 2008

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Frontotemporal lobe dementias (FTLD) represent a constellation of disorders that may be overlooked or misdiagnosed, despite being a fairly common presenile neurodegenerative diseases. Although the cognitive disorder can be difficult to document, particularly early in the dementia course, neuropsychological evaluation can assist in the diagnosis. Neuropsychologists are in an excellent position to draw from related disciplines like personality theory and social psychology to better assess the types of changes that characterize the prodromal and early phases of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of the field in the diagnosis of FTLD and discusses the emerging role of neuropsychology in elucidating the brain organization of complex processes including empathy, behavioral control and inhibition, reward systems, appetitive behaviors, emotional regulation, and goal-orientation. As this review underscores, FTD remains a powerful model for studying brain-behavior relationships.Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) refers to a set of neurodegenerative disorders arising from relatively circumscribed frontal and temporal lobar atrophy. Characterized by troubling and progressive changes in behavior, personality, judgment, language, and cognition, the disorder compromises individuals while still in their productive years and may initially be mistaken as a psychiatric disorder. As with other degenerative dementias, a goal is to identify these disorders early with the intent of intervening before the disease has fully expressed in brain. Although no pharmacological treatments are yet available to prevent the disease progression, there are treatments that help alleviate symptoms and nonpharmacological interventions to deal with problem behaviors, coping, and adjustment. From a cognitive neuroscience perspective, the FTLD dementias with their effects on some of the core features of human personality and cognition offer an opportunity to better understand how these fundamental processes of human existence are functionally organized, both the processes involved as well as the brain systems that mediate them. This review article discusses the clinical presentation of the FTLD dementias with an emphasis on its early expression. We propose that by applying a theoretical framework of human behavior from social psychology and constructs from personality theory to the study of FTLD, neuropsychology is ideally positioned to elucidate some of the brain mechanisms underlying a range of complex human behaviors, emotions, and social cognition. Clinical and Neuropathological Expression of FTLDThe first mention of FTLD as a syndrome was in 1892 when Arnold Pick, a neurologist at the University of Prague, described the clinical and pathological features of one of his patients. He reported an aphasic presentation that progressed over three years in a 71-yearold individual. Upon autopsy, there was found to be significant frontal and temporal lobe atrophy in the diseased brain. Pick's clinical description of his patien...

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Section: Neurocognitive Features Of Ftdmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Early Neuropsychological and Behavioral Characteristics of Frontotemporal Dementia

et al. 2008

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“…The AD is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease accompanied by cognitive/memory impairments, which is the most common cause of progressive dementia in elderly people (Braak and Braak, 1991;Braak et al, 1999;Harciarek and Jodzio, 2005). AD is characterized by the appearance of SPs (senile plaques) representing extracellular Ab (amyloid bpeptide) depositions (Nagele et al, 2004) and NFTs (neurofibril tangles) consisting of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein, the latter being a major microtubule-associated protein (Schneider and Mandelkow, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P1‐178: Early astrocytic atrophy in the Entorhinal cortex of a triple transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's disease

Yeh

Olabarria

Noristani

et al. 2010

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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The EC (entorhinal cortex) is fundamental for cognitive and mnesic functions. Thus damage to this area appears as a key element in the progression of AD (Alzheimer's disease), resulting in memory deficits arising from neuronal and synaptic alterations as well as glial malfunction. In this paper, we have performed an in-depth analysis of astroglial morphology in the EC by measuring the surface and volume of the GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) profiles in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD [3xTg-AD (triple transgenic mice of AD)]. We found significant reduction in both the surface and volume of GFAP-labelled profiles in 3xTg-AD animals from very early ages (1 month) when compared with non-Tg (non-transgenic) controls (48 and 54%, reduction respectively), which was sustained for up to 12 months (33 and 45% reduction respectively). The appearance of Ab (amyloid b-peptide) depositions at 12 months of age did not trigger astroglial hypertrophy; nor did it result in the close association of astrocytes with senile plaques. Our results suggest that the AD progressive cognitive deterioration can be associated with an early reduction of astrocytic arborization and shrinkage of the astroglial domain, which may affect synaptic connectivity within the EC and between the EC and other brain regions. In addition, the EC seems to be particularly vulnerable to AD pathology because of the absence of evident astrogliosis in response to Ab accumulation. Thus we can consider that targeting astroglial atrophy may represent a therapeutic strategy which might slow down the progression of AD.

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“…Eksekutivfunksjonen er evnen til å utføre en planlagt og sammensatt oppgave som krever involvering av frontallappene. Det mest iøynefallende ved frontotemporal demens er at det skjer flere endringer i atferd og personlighet enn det som ses ved andre demensformer hos yngre (25). Denne pasientgruppen preges av mangel på hemninger, ukritisk oppførsel, emosjonell avflatning, hyperseksualitet, hyperoralitet og upassende sosial vaeremåte (26).…”

Section: Det Kliniske Bildetunclassified

Når demens rammer unge

Rosness¹,

Haugen²,

Engedal³

2011

Tidsskriftet

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Neuropsychological Differences Between Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review

Cited by 84 publications

References 154 publications

The Early Neuropsychological and Behavioral Characteristics of Frontotemporal Dementia

The Early Neuropsychological and Behavioral Characteristics of Frontotemporal Dementia

P1‐178: Early astrocytic atrophy in the Entorhinal cortex of a triple transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's disease

Når demens rammer unge

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