Neuropsychological assessment of the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Zald, David H.; Andreotti, Charissa

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.012

Cited by 156 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Damage in the right orbitofrontal cortex was most strongly related to the behavioral effect. The strongest statistical effects ( p Ͻ 0.05) were in two small clusters of voxels, one in the right gyrus rectus (MNI coordinates, 4, 49, Ϫ16) and another more posterocentrally (MNI coordinates, 16, 19, Ϫ22;Tzourio-Mazoyer et al, 2002). Testing the opposite effect (increased reward priming) with VLSM did not reveal any voxels that were above the permutation corrected criterion for statistical significance (Z ϭ 3.17).…”

Section: Vlsmmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…An inability to form an attentional set for stimulus features based on feedback could explain the performance deficits in particular learning tasks observed after VMF damage: associative learning impairments have been observed after VMF or orbitofrontal damage in humans and nonhuman primates but only under specific conditions (Butter, 1968;Jones and Mishkin, 1972;Hornak et al, 2004;Noonan et al, 2010;Tsuchida et al, 2010;Walton et al, 2010; but see Jones et al, 2012;Rudebeck et al, 2013). Damage to this region does not affect learning about the reward value of stimuli in deterministic settings (Dias, Robbins, Figure 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLSM is an analytic approach that overcomes this limitation, systematically testing the effect of damage at the voxel level (Bates et al, 2003;Rorden et al, 2007), although with greater power for detecting effects in regions with greater lesion overlap (Kimberg et al, 2007). We applied this method in a secondary analysis, including all voxels in which at least three patients had damage (Coulthard et al, 2008;Haramati et al, 2008;Tsuchida et al, 2010).…”

Section: Vlsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesions to this region in patients and animal models impair learning about dynamic stimulus-reward associations (Berlin et al, 2004;Tsuchida et al, 2010;Walton et al, 2010). Imaging and monkey electrophysiology studies support these findings, showing that VMF activity encodes the relative value of options (Thorpe et al, 1983; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2006; Kable and Glimcher, 2007;Boorman et al, 2009;Kennerley et al, 2011). However, the mechanism by which these stimulus value signals influence behavior remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ventromedial Frontal Cortex Is Critical for Guiding Attention to Reward-Predictive Visual Features in Humans

Vaidya

Fellows

2015

J. Neurosci.

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Adaptively interacting with our environment requires extracting information that will allow us to successfully predict reward. This can be a challenge, particularly when there are many candidate cues, and when rewards are probabilistic. Recent work has demonstrated that visual attention is allocated to stimulus features that have been associated with reward on previous trials. The ventromedial frontal lobe (VMF) has been implicated in learning in dynamic environments of this kind, but the mechanism by which this region influences this process is not clear. Here, we hypothesized that the VMF plays a critical role in guiding attention to reward-predictive stimulus features based on feedback. We tested the effects of VMF damage in human subjects on a visual search task in which subjects were primed to attend to task-irrelevant colors associated with different levels of reward, incidental to the search task. Consistent with previous work, we found that distractors had a greater influence on reaction time when they appeared in colors associated with high reward in the previous trial compared with colors associated with low reward in healthy control subjects and patients with prefrontal damage sparing the VMF. However, this reward modulation of attentional priming was absent in patients with VMF damage. Thus, an intact VMF is necessary for directing attention based on experience with cue-reward associations. We suggest that this region plays a role in selecting rewardpredictive cues to facilitate future learning.

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Section: Vlsmmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vlsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ventromedial Frontal Cortex Is Critical for Guiding Attention to Reward-Predictive Visual Features in Humans

Vaidya

Fellows

2015

J. Neurosci.

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“…Although situated in a cognitive category, this concept cannot be detached from the concept of emotion-affect because empathy is underpinned by the desire to interact (Zald & Andreotti, 2010).…”

Section: Theory Of Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervasive development disorder explained by the theory of executive dysfunction: Case study.

Fontanari¹,

Vaitses²

2011

Psychology & Neuroscience

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A case of a hyperactive child with impaired speech, perceptual-motor capacity and interpersonal skills is presented. Presumptive diagnoses are discussed according to the international classifications most often used. The nature of pervasive developmental disorders is examined based on the concepts of theory of mind and theory of executive dysfunction. Keywords: pervasive developmental disorder, theory of mind, theory of executive dysfunction.

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Ventral prefrontal cortex and emotion regulation in aging: A case for utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation

Kim

Weisenbach

Zald

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) has been speculated to play an important role in complex processes that allow emotional factors to influence human cognition. Accumulating evidence from human neuroimaging studies, in conjunction with studies of patients with lesions and animal models shed light on the role of the vlPFC in emotion regulation (ER). This review aims to discuss and integrate recent findings related to vlPFC’s role in ER in the context of aging, drawing from diverse sources, and suggest future directions for research utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Methods/Design: We summarize findings from the existing literature investigating the neural basis of frontal-lobe mediated ER and then highlight major findings from recent studies directly comparing healthy younger and older adult groups. We conclude by pointing to unaddressed questions worth pursuing in future research. Results & Discussion: We propose future research directions utilizing TMS to answer key unaddressed questions. Moreover, we discuss the potential advantages, challenges, and limitations of using TMS as a complement to the existing neuroimaging methods in ER.

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Neuropsychological assessment of the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Cited by 156 publications

References 169 publications

Ventromedial Frontal Cortex Is Critical for Guiding Attention to Reward-Predictive Visual Features in Humans

Ventromedial Frontal Cortex Is Critical for Guiding Attention to Reward-Predictive Visual Features in Humans

Pervasive development disorder explained by the theory of executive dysfunction: Case study.

Ventral prefrontal cortex and emotion regulation in aging: A case for utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation

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