Neuropsychological assessment of adults with ADHD: A Delphi consensus study

Fuermaier, Anselm B. M.; Fricke, Jan A.; Vries, Stefanie M. de; Tucha, Lara; Tucha, Oliver

doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1429441

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…50 Nonetheless, EF tests could still be useful to characterize the cognitive profile of specific individuals. 51 Despite the fact that children with RD displayed a more prominent profile of executive deficits in the present study, we also found a shared inhibitory control deficit between RD and ADHD children on one of the tasks, even after controlling for age and nonverbal reasoning. Inhibitory control deficits are described as an important endophenotype for the study of ADHD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Are “cool” executive function impairments more salient in ADHD symptoms than in reading disability?

Koltermann

Becker

Lopes-Silva

et al. 2020

Dement. neuropsychol.

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Introduction: Reading disability (RD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms often co-occur in school-age children. Methods: The present study evaluated the performance of 216 Brazilian children from 3 rd and 4 th grades on "cool" executive function (EF) abilities and phonological processing. The children were divided into three groups: those with ADHD symptoms only, those with RD only, and controls. Results: MANOVA analyses, controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, showed worse performance for the RD group, compared to the ADHD symptoms group, on measures of phonological processing (phonemic awareness, phonological short-term memory, and lexical access) and "cool" EF components (orthographic verbal fluency and processing speed). The ADHD symptoms group did not differ from the control group on the majority of the "cool" EF tasks. Compared to the control group, the ADHD symptoms group and the RD group both showed significantly more errors in rapid automatized naming of figures, which evaluates the inhibition component of EF; performance on this task was similar for these groups. Conclusion: We conclude that children with RD have greater impairment in phonological processing and "cool" EF compared to those with ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, deficits in inhibitory control may be shared among children with both conditions. ? RESUMO. Introdução: Dificuldades de leitura (DL) e sintomas do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) frequentemente coocorrem em crianças escolares. Métodos: O presente estudo comparou o desempenho em FE "frias" e processamento fonológico de 216 crianças brasileiras de 3ª e 4ª anos, que foram divididas em três grupos: apenas com sintomas de TDAH, apenas em DL e controles. Resultados: As análises de MANOVA, controlando para idade e inteligência não-verbal, indicaram que o grupo com DL apresentou desempenho significativamente inferior ao grupo com sintomas de TDAH nas medidas de processamento fonológico (consciência fonológica, memória verbal de curto prazo e acesso lexical) e em componentes das FE "frias" (fluência verbal ortográfica e velocidade de processamento). O grupo com sintomas de TDAH não se diferiram do grupo controle na maior parte das tarefas de FE "frias". Ambos os grupos com sintomas de TDAH e DL apresentaram desempenhos significativamente menores (mais erros) em comparação às crianças de desenvolvimento típico na tarefa de Nomeação Seriada Rápida de figuras que avalia o componente de controle inibitório, e o desempenho foi semelhante entre os

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Are “cool” executive function impairments more salient in ADHD symptoms than in reading disability?

Koltermann

Becker

Lopes-Silva

et al. 2020

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…Continuous performance tests are considered a key component of any ADHD assessment because they assess attention, vigilance, processing speed, impulsivity, and response inhibition (Advokat, Martino, Hill, & Gouvier, 2007;Fuermaier, Fricke, de Vries, Tucha, & Tucha, 2019). Furthermore, greater variability in response time on CPTs is clearly related to attention lapses and distractibility (Adams, Roberts, Milich, & Fillmore, 2011).…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

Marshall

Hoelzle

Nikolas

2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective: Identify assessment measures that augment the clinical interview and improve the diagnostic accuracy of adult ADHD assessment. Method: The sometimes limited research literatures concerning the diagnostic efficacies of the clinical interview, standard and novel ADHD behavior rating scales, performance and symptom validity testing, and cognitive tests are critically reviewed. Results: Based on this qualitative review, both clinical interviews alone and ADHD behavior rating scales alone have adequate sensitivity but poor specificity in diagnosing ADHD. Response validity and symptom validity tests have reasonably good sensitivity and very good specificity in detecting invalid symptom presentation. Cognitive test batteries have inadequate sensitivity and specificity in identifying ADHD. Using cognitive tests in conjunction with behavior rating scales significantly improves the specificity of an assessment battery. Executive function behavior rating scales and functional impairment rating scales are unlikely to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ADHD assessment. Conclusions: Based on this review, key clinical interview questions, behavior rating scales, symptom validity tests, and cognitive tests that have promise to enhance current assessment practices are recommended. These are the authors' personal opinions, not consensus standards, or guidelines promulgated by any organization. These measures are incorporated in a practical, somewhat abbreviated, battery that has the potential to improve clinicians' ability to diagnose adult ADHD.

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“…Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are considered a key component of any ADHD assessment and are currently the most popular objective laboratory-based measures to support a clinical diagnosis of ADHD [32-34]. The majority of CPT tasks measure selective attention, sustained attention, and impulsivity [35-37] and can be used alongside clinical evaluation to inform the diagnostic process of ADHD [38, 39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of the CPT in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Individuals with Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review

Slobodin

2020

Eur Addict Res

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Background: Early identification of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) is important because ADHD has an adverse effect on the development and course of SUD. Given the limited validity of self-report measures of ADHD in individuals with SUD, it is important to investigate the utility of the continuous performance test (CPT) in classifying ADHD in adults with SUD. Objective: This review aims to examine the quantitative similarities and differences in CPT performance of adults with ADHD, SUD, and their comorbidity to determine if a distinct neurocognitive profile exists for each. Method: A systematic review of CPT studies that included patients with the comorbidity of ADHD and SUD and a comparison group of one of the disorders alone was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Results: Eight studies were identified with sample sizes ranging from n = 17 to n = 386. The comorbidity of ADHD and SUD was, mostly, not associated with higher rates of commission and omission errors than either disorder alone. However, the comorbidity of ADHD and SUD was more likely to be associated with increased deficits in response time variability compared with individuals with ADHD alone. Conclusions: This review highlights the shortage of large-scale CPT research involving patients with ADHD and SUD. The CPT might be sensitive to attentional deficits, but it lacks specificity for the classification of adult ADHD, SUD, or their comorbidity, and the CPT is thus not useful in discriminating comorbid ADHD and SUD from either disorder alone. Future CPT research should explore whether specific attentional deficits account for the development and persistence of SUD. Such research should also reach beyond traditional CPT measures and include other cognitive and behavioral deficits that were associated with ADHD, such as distractibility and hyperactivity.

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Neuropsychological assessment of adults with ADHD: A Delphi consensus study

Cited by 55 publications

References 80 publications

Are “cool” executive function impairments more salient in ADHD symptoms than in reading disability?

Are “cool” executive function impairments more salient in ADHD symptoms than in reading disability?

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

The Utility of the CPT in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Individuals with Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review

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