Neuropsychological abnormalities in patients with pituitary tumours

Grattan-Smith, Padraic J.; Morris, John G.; Shores, E. Arthur; Batchelor, Jennifer; Sparks, R. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05500.x

Cited by 88 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The conclusion, once again, is that mammillary body damage has only very mild effects on standard tests of recognition yet can markedly disrupt the recall of episodic information. This conclusion receives additional support from a study of 65 patients with pituitary tumors (Gratton-Smith et al 1992). Although that study did not include MRI evidence, the tumors are very likely to have invaded the posterior hypothalamus (including the mammillary bodies).…”

Section: Mammillary Bodies and Mammillothalamic Tractmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Although that study did not include MRI evidence, the tumors are very likely to have invaded the posterior hypothalamus (including the mammillary bodies). The two groups of patients (subdivided between radiotherapy or no radiotherapy treatment) were both clearly impaired on tests taxing the delayed recall of verbal and nonverbal material, but their performance on the Warrington RMT did not differ from that of the controls (Gratton-Smith et al 1992).…”

Section: Mammillary Bodies and Mammillothalamic Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

137

111

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Both clinical investigations and studies with animals reveal nuclei within the diencephalon that are vital for recognition memory (the judgment of prior occurrence). This review seeks to identify these nuclei and to consider why they might be important for recognition memory. Despite the lack of clinical cases with circumscribed pathology within the diencephalon and apparent species differences, convergent evidence from a variety of sources implicates a subgroup of medial diencephalic nuclei. It is supposed that the key functional interactions of this subgroup of diencephalic nuclei are with the medial temporal lobe, the prefrontal cortex, and with cingulate regions. In addition, some of the clinical evidence most readily supports dual-process models of recognition, which assume two independent cognitive processes (recollective-based and familiarity-based) that combine to direct recognition judgments. From this array of information a "multi-effect multinuclei" model is proposed, in which the mammillary bodies and the anterior thalamic nuclei are of preeminent importance for recollective-based recognition. The medial dorsal thalamic nucleus is thought to contribute to familiarity-based recognition, but this nucleus, along with various midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, is also assumed to have broader, indirect effects upon both recollective-based and familiarity-based recognition.Clinical studies repeatedly show that diencephalic pathology can impair recognition memory. Even so, there is no agreed locus within the diencephalon responsible for this memory loss and, hence, no agreed mechanism to explain the impairment. The present review examines both clinical and animal findings, and from this information a multi-effect multi-nuclei (MEMN) model emerges to explain the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory.At the outset, it is necessary to refine the focus of this review and to define some of its principal terms. The diencephalon comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus but, as will be explained, only the more medial parts of the diencephalon will be considered in detail. Recognition memory refers to the ability to detect whether a stimulus (e.g., a word, face, picture, object, or sound) has previously been encountered. As a consequence, this review is not about item identification (sometimes also confusingly referred to as recognition). Likewise, conditions that have broad disruptive effects on cognition, e.g., dementia, will not be considered even though recognition is typically impaired. Distinctions will be made between "item recognition," where the task is to determine if an individual item is novel or familiar, and "associative recognition," where all the individual items being experienced are familiar, but their particular combination is novel. A further, distinct ability is "recency" discrimination-the ability to determine which of two familiar stimuli has been experienced more recently. Both studies of amnesia and electrophysiological recordings show how recency memory and recogniti...

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Section: Mammillary Bodies and Mammillothalamic Tractmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Mammillary Bodies and Mammillothalamic Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

137

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…N evertheless, the problem of cognitive impairment associated with cranial irradiation is well recognized in adults (4 -6). Although very little has been written about the neurocognitive sequela of therapeutic irradiation for extracranial head and neck tumors, there is increasing recognition of cognitive decline as a sequela of irradiation in the management of some head and neck tumors (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Cognitive Decline Following Therapeutic Irradiation for Head and Neck Tumors

Abayomi

2002

Acta Oncologica

103

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“…Radiation therapy damage to the hippocampus is known to have a role in cognitive decline for surviving patients [7,8]. Cognitive impairment from radiation to the hippocampi has been reported in patients treated with radiation for pituitary tumors [9]. A hippocampal dose-response relationship corresponding to a decline in the ability to learn has been observed as well [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Radiotherapy for Midline Central Nervous System Lesions: A Class Solution

et al. 2015

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Objective: Midline and central lesions of the brain requiring conventional radiotherapy (RT) present complex difficulties in dose avoidance to organs at risk (OAR). In either definitive or adjuvant settings, proper RT coverage of these lesions involves unnecessary treatment of large volumes of normal brain. We propose a class solution for these lesions using proton radiotherapy (PrT). Materials and Methods: The records of the Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center were reviewed for patients presenting between January 1, 2005 and October 1, 2013 with midline central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Twenty-four patients were identified. After Institutional Review Board approval was granted, their dosimetry was reviewed for target volume doses and OAR dose avoidance. Results: For these cases, meningiomas were the most common histology (8 cases), and next most prevalent were craniopharyngiomas (6 cases). The others were various different deep midline brain tumors (10 cases). In all cases, fields formed by vertex and/or anterior/posterior superior oblique PrT beams along the midsagittal plane were used to provide coverage with minimal dose to the brain stem or to the cerebral hemispheres. The median prescribed dose to the planning target volume for treating these patients was 54.0 Gy RBE (range 48.6-62.5) with a mean dose of 53.5 Gy RBE. The average of the mean doses to the brain stems using these fields in the 24 plans was 18.4 Gy RBE (range 0.0-44.7). Similarly, the average of the mean doses to the hippocampi was 15.8 Gy RBE (range 0.0-52.6). Conclusions: We consider these patients to be optimally treated with PrT. The use of modified midsagittal PrT schemas allows for the treatment of midline CNS lesions with sparing of most of the uninvolved brain.

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Neuropsychological abnormalities in patients with pituitary tumours

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Pathogenesis of Cognitive Decline Following Therapeutic Irradiation for Head and Neck Tumors

Proton Radiotherapy for Midline Central Nervous System Lesions: A Class Solution

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