Neuropsychiatric Significance of Subcortical Hyperintensity

Campbell, John J.; Coffey, C. Edward

doi:10.1176/jnp.13.2.261

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Neuropsychological deficits (14,15) and CVRFs (9 -13) are common among individuals with MDD and are associated with cognitive impairment in the general population (45,46). Individuals with MDD have been shown to exhibit neuropsychological deficits over a broad range of cognitive domains (47)(48)(49), particularly on tasks associated with frontal lobe activity, such as executive functioning (9,10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficits in executive functioning may be the result of damage to the frontal-subcortical circuits of the brain (14), a series of discrete pathways supporting executive cognitive functions (70). This region is particularly vulnerable to ischemic injury due to its relatively long, small-diameter, penetrating branches deriving from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This region is particularly vulnerable to ischemic injury due to its relatively long, small-diameter, penetrating branches deriving from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries (14). Damage in this region could result in multiple deficits in executive functions because multiple areas of the frontal cortex are perfused by the same "watershed" arteries, thereby conferring a greater risk of microvascular injury during a state of hypoperfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Disease, and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Adults With Major Depression

Smith

Blumenthal

Babyak

et al. 2007

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective-To investigate the relationship of cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs), endothelial function, carotid artery intima medial thickness (IMT), and neuropsychological performance in a sample of 198 middle-aged and older individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuropsychological deficits are common among adults with MDD, particularly among those with CVRFs and potentially persons with subclinical vascular disease. Methods-CVRFs Conclusions-GreaterCVRFs were associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. Vascular dysfunction also was associated with neuropsychological decrements independent of traditional CVRFs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Disease, and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Adults With Major Depression

Smith

Blumenthal

Babyak

et al. 2007

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…Hypoxia is thought be an additional factor in the development of depression in COPD. Low arterial oxygen saturation has been shown to be associated with periventricular white matter lesions [45], which are found in patients with depression [46]. Other important risk factors are the severity of symptoms and reported quality of life [47].…”

Section: Psychological Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Associated Conditions

Candemir¹

2018

COPD - An Update in Pathogenesis and Clinical Management

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Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidenced-based, proven treatment as mentioned recent guidelines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exercise training is a cornerstone of PR programs, Inspiratory muscle training, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are effective in selected patients. Water-based rehabilitation and tai chi are well tolerated recent modalities. Although there is an absence of a specific PR protocol for special conditions, PR is recommended before and also after endobronchial volume reduction (EBVR), lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), both before and after lung transplantation periods, before, after surgery, during the intensive care unit (ICU) period, the chemotherapy period and as a component of palliative care. After COPD exacerbation, it is recommended within 3 weeks of hospital discharge. Modifying PR programs while considering comorbidities might lead to greater improvement in outcomes. After PR, the important points are to follow prescribed home exercise programs, control programs in the PR center/unit, and being more active in daily living life for the purpose of preserving improvements. Tele-PR is an alternative to conventional modalities due to similar improvements. Although PR is effective, it is an underutilized resource. The awareness of PR should be increased in patients and among health professionals.

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“…[3][4][5]9,11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Neuropathologically, PVH has been reported to represent demyelination, gliosis, and spongiosis [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Topography of White Mater Peri-Ventricular Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRI) Among Cameroonians

Uduma¹,

CP²

2013

OMICS J Radiology

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IntroductionPeri-Ventricular Hyperintensity (PVH) as the name connotes refers to homogenous high signals contiguous to lateral ventricles on T2 weighted (T2W), Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), and Proton Density (PD) images, without prominent hypointensity on T1 weighted (T1W) MR images [1][2][3][4][5]. They are differentiated from infarcts as they are not usually evident on T1W MR images and they do not follow specific vascular territories [2]. PVH is a qualitative evaluation of white mater lesions in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [1].Regional localizations to peri-ventricular areas equate to white mater which is known to contain nerve fibres. White mater is dichotomized into deep (central) and subcortical (peripheral) white maters of either cerebral or cerebellar hemisphere [6,7]. This accounts for 60% of the total brain volume [6]. Major commissural tracts, cortical association fibres and cortical afferent/ efferent fibres are the constituents of the deep white mater. These nerve fibres consist of neuronal axons with myelin envelopes [6]. Others are supporting cells, interstitial spaces and vascular structures [6]. The supporting cells (neuroglia) are either oligo-dendrocytes or astrocytes [6].Oligodendrocytes produce and maintain myelin which functions as axonal insulators and facilitates rapid impulse transmission [6].The presence of normal myelin confers characteristic MRI intensity on normal brain MR images. Myelin has relatively short T2 and T1 relaxation times primarily owing to its lipid content. Normal myelin is therefore hypointense on T2W and hyperintense on T1W. If a disease decreases the myelin content, the white mater becomes less hydrophobic and takes on more water causing prolongation of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This leads to high signal on T2W, FLAIR and low signal on T1W as seen in PVH [6]. AbstractBackground: Peri-Ventricular Hyperintensity (PVH) refers to bright signal adjacent to lateral ventricles on T2

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Neuropsychiatric Significance of Subcortical Hyperintensity

Cited by 32 publications

References 169 publications

Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Disease, and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Adults With Major Depression

Cerebrovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Disease, and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Adults With Major Depression

Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Associated Conditions

The Topography of White Mater Peri-Ventricular Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imagings (MRI) Among Cameroonians

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