Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Acute Epidemic Encephalitis in Children

Ebaugh, Franklin G.

doi:10.1177/1087054707305340

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…While disputed with regard to its importance to the concept of ADHD, we note that after the great encephalitis epidemics of 1915-1920, it was observed that some children who survived brain infections had many problems with defiance, impulsivity, and over-activity; and while these descriptions do not perfectly match ADHD, they have notable similarities (Ebaugh 1923;Hohman 1922;Stryker 1925). The field eventually adopted the term "brain-injured child syndrome" (Strauss and Lehtinen 1947), often associated with mental retardation, but was also applied to children who today would be labeled with ADHD.…”

Section: History Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 86%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Matthews¹,

Nigg²,

Fair³

2013

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

109

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Over the last two decades, there have been numerous technical and methodological advances available to clinicians and researchers to better understand attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its etiology. Despite the growing body of literature investigating the disorder's pathophysiology, ADHD remains a complex psychiatric disorder to characterize. This chapter will briefly review the literature on ADHD, with a focus on its history, the current genetic insights, neurophysiologic theories, and the use of neuroimaging to further understand the etiology. We address some of the major concerns that remain unclear about ADHD, including subtype instability, heterogeneity, and the underlying neural correlates that define the disorder. We highlight that the field of ADHD is rapidly evolving; the descriptions provided here will hopefully provide a sturdy foundation for which to build and improve our understanding of the disorder.

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Section: History Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 86%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Matthews¹,

Nigg²,

Fair³

2013

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

109

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“…These were children who typically received less attention than adults during the earlier epidemic period, 36 perhaps explaining why only von ��conomo (who originally described the disease based on adult patients in Vienna in 1917 37 ) listed them as a separate category. In addition to the somatic effects on the patients (fig 4), which could be similar to those in adults, the disease had a profound psychiatric effect on the children as well.…”

Section: Juvenile Pseudopsychopathiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis lethargica: could this disease be recognised if the epidemic recurred?

Vilensky

Gilman

2006

Pract Neurol

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“…V C 2011 Movement Disorder Society Key Words: encephalitis lethargica; abulia; apathy; lethargy; akinetic mutism Epidemics of encephalitis lethargica (EL) continued for 15 years after the first descriptions in 1917, [1][2][3][4][5] with a peak annual incidence of around 4 per 100,000 in the US. 6 Descriptions of the acute picture could resemble other brainstem encephalitides (the ''somnolent-ophthalmoplegic'' pattern); there was also a ''hyperkinetic'' 3,7 form (especially in children 8,9 ); the ''amyostatic-akinetic'' form had a parkinsonian character. 3 The duration of the various syndromes was variable and transitions could occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On doing nothing: Descriptions of sleep, fatigue, and motivation in encephalitis lethargica

Ward

2011

Movement Disorders

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Epidemics of encephalitis lethargica (EL), from 1917 to the 1930s, are an important milestone in the history of movement disorders. Today, the two best-known features of EL are somnolence and parkinsonism but the full clinical picture was variable and complex. States of wakeful inactivity--as opposed to drowsiness--were often described both in the acute and postacute stages and were referred to in the EL literature as "lethargy" or "torpor." The study described here is based on a survey of clinical descriptions published in English, French, and German from 1917 to 1942. Its focus is on the history of clinical ideas, rather than applying modern pathophysiological concepts retrospectively. Descriptions of lethargy are explored as a way of elucidating concepts of sleep, fatigue, and motivation during the study period. The literature described many patients who had (1) lethargy without interruption in consciousness; (2) slowness of movement and catalepsy without other prominent parkinsonian features; and (3) apathy and lack of initiative without severe disorders of mood or thought content. Hence observers distinguished a state of wakeful inactivity from primary disorders of sleep, movement and behavior. Contemporaneous accounts suggest that writers had difficulty in reconciling their observations with preexisting concepts; there still may be limitations in our ability to describe and classify the clinical states connected during the epidemic era with the term "lethargy."

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Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Acute Epidemic Encephalitis in Children

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Encephalitis lethargica: could this disease be recognised if the epidemic recurred?

On doing nothing: Descriptions of sleep, fatigue, and motivation in encephalitis lethargica

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