Neuropsychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies: Data from an inpatient psychiatric department

Abstract

IntroductionThe prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency is significant in the psychiatric population. These deficiencies may be associated with varied neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms, caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms.ObjectivesCharacterize the main neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms associated with vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. Evaluate the prevalence of these vitamins deficiencies in an acute inpatient psychiatric department, dedicated to Affective Disorders.AimsTo review the clinical significance of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in psychiatric disorders and reflect on the importance of routine screening in mental health care.Material and methodsObservational, retrospective and descriptive study, with analysis of clinical and blood tests data concerning the total number of inpatient episodes in 2015. Non-systematic review of the scientific literature.ResultsA small case series of the patients that had folate or B12 deficiency detected is presented. The prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies found in our study is in accordance with the data found in the literature.ConclusionsVitamin B12 and folate deficiencies should be considered in the approach to the psychiatric patient as its neuropsychiatric manifestations are varied, can be severe, and may constitute a potentially treatable cause of mental disorder. Our data shows that folate and B12 deficiencies are significant in inpatients and we believe it justifies routine screening at admission.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychiatric Presentation of a Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency Associated with Biermer’s Disease: A Case Report

“…Cognitive impairments commonly include deficits in memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. Psychiatric symptoms may range from subtle mood disturbances such as irritability and apathy to more severe presentations resembling depression, psychosis, or even dementia [8]. Neurological manifestations may include peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, and optic neuropathy [9].…”