Neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson’s disease: Recent advances

Abstract

Psychiatric disturbances are a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a degenerative disorder defined by its characteristic movement abnormalities. Its management is optimal when PD is viewed as a neuropsychiatric disorder, because this encourages consideration of the motor deficits along with its psychiatric and cognitive aspects. This review addresses the diagnosis and treatment of the most common psychiatric disorders in PD, and provides an update of related clinical research, including studies on neurosurgical treatments.

Cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

“…Then we excluded 217 duplicate publications. The abstracts and full reports were reviewed to eliminate articles according to the following exclusion criteria: (1) studies that did not focus on cognitive abilities, for instance some studies were focused on other aspects such as prevalence, clinical correlates and managements, (2) review articles, (3) papers that did not include patients with a diagnosis of PD, (4) the investigation of other non-motor symptoms or other neuropsychiatric symptoms that were not specified in this review, (5) non-peer reviewed articles and (6) articles which were not written in the English language. In total, 41 articles met our inclusion criteria (See figure 1 and tables 1, 2 and 3).…”

“…A recent published study reported that 89% of PD patients with dementia presented with at least one neuropsychiatric symptom [1]. These symptoms cause impairments in daily living activities equal to or more than the limitations that result from motor deficits, and may lead patients to earlier admission to residential care [2][3][4]. Neuropsychiatric symptoms also occur even in the early stages of the disease.…”

Validation of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section I as a screening and diagnostic instrument for apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease

“…For example, bradykinesia and facial masking resemble the psychomotor slowing, decreased initiative, and restricted affect seen in major depression or apathy. 88 In addition, several cognitive, vegetative, and somatic symptoms of major depression are commonly seen in patients with PD who do not have depression. 89 Based on these challenging aspects of recognition of depressive symptoms in PD, provisional diagnostic criteria for depression in PD have recently been recommended.…”

Prevalence of depression in Parkinson’s disease patients in Ethiopia

“…In addition to motor abnormalities, PD is associated with cognitive and psychiatric disturbances including depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms and sleep disturbances [ 6 ],[ 7 ]. Psychiatric co-morbidities have a negative impact on the course and management of PD patients.…”