Neuroprotective role of chrysin‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticle against kindling‐induced epilepsy through Nrf2/ARE/HO‐1 pathway

Abstract

Chrysin is the major bioactive compound of blue passionflower, an important medicinal plant used in traditional herbal formulations since ancient times. In the present study, we report that chrysin nanoparticles (chrysin NPs) protect Wistar rats against kindling‐induced epilepsy. Nanoparticles of sizes less than 150 nm with a spherical shape were prepared using poly(d,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and polyvinyl alcohol, respectively, as polymer and stabilizer. Rats were injected with subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every second day, with 22 injections in total, and on the same days, they received protective doses of the chrysin NPs (5 and 10 µg/mL, PO), respectively, 45 min before each PTZ injection. After the last PTZ injection, an average of thirteen seizure scores was recorded. Animals were killed by decapitation 24 h after a seizure. The cortex and hippocampus were removed and stored in liquid nitrogen for determining oxidative stress terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assay, histopathology, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for messenger RNA expression. The result showed chrysin NPs treatment has counteracted oxidative stress, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of chrysin NPs against kindling‐induced epilepsy might be escorted by the alleviation of oxidative stress through the Nrf2/antioxidant response element/HO‐1 pathway signal pathway.

Development of Chrysin Loaded Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Improving Bioaccessibility

“…Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiency of chrysin in the nanoemulsion was 100.29 ± 0.53% w/w. Our results were similar to the encapsulation of chrysin in sodium oleate-based nanoemulsion (90% w/w) [9], in solid lipid nanoparticles (86% w/w) [51], and in chrysin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (93% w/w) [52].…”

Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Honey in Neurological Disorders: The Role of Polyphenols

“…Further, these particles reduce the process of apoptosis by boosting the expression of Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1. It supports that chrysin can act as a possible therapeutic approach to improve neurodegeneration in epilepsy [ 155 ]. Apigenin, another flavonoid, has also been suggested to be an effective neuroprotective agent against epilepsy.…”

Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

“…For instance, in a study by Giacomeli et al [342], chrysin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules showed higher antioxidant ability and reduced neurotoxicity through reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and through modulation of neurochemical and behavioral changes in an aged animal, compared with free chrysin. A very recent study observed that chrysin-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles less than 150 nm in size in pentylenetetrazolinduced epilepsy mice showed chrysin nanoparticle treatment counteracted oxidative stress, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase [343]. Trans-FA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles could enable the uptake of FA by cells due to of their lipophilic nature, thereby increasing FA bioavailability and concentration-dependent reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities in rat brain [344].…”