Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

Martínez‐Solís, Isabel; Acero, Nuria; Bosch‐Morell, Francisco; Castillo, Encarna; González‐Rosende, M. Eugenia; Muñoz‐Mingarro, Dolores; Ortega, T.; Sanahuja, María Amparo; Villagrasa, Victoria

doi:10.1055/a-0947-5712

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The leaves and seeds of this plant have been used for medicinal purposes in China for centuries, initially being used for asthma and problems in the digestive system. In Europe and the USA, they have been sold since the sixties, and now they represent one of the most popular phytotherapeutic products in the world [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

et al. 2020

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ABSTR AC TGinkgo biloba (GB) is one of the most widely used phytotherapeutic products in the world, and its extract has beneficial properties for the treatment of several pathologies, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, cataracts, hearing loss, myocardial lesion, hippocampus neuronal lesions, morphometry testicular changes, and liver damage. This review aims to investigate the effects of GB on diseases related to oxidative stress. Databases such as MEDLINE/ PUBMED and EMBASE were consulted, and PRISMA guidelines were used to build the review. This plant has antioxidant properties since it regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes positively and reduces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, contributing to the reduction of lipid peroxidation. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. In animal models, the use of GB can show positive effects on brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial injury, and renal and liver damage. In humans, the positive effects were shown in diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic colitis. These effects are due to the presence of compounds such as bilobalide, isoramnetina, quercetin, kaempferol, and ginkgolides A, B, and C. For these reasons, GB can be a lowcost alternative to the therapeutic approach of several pathologies since it acts in the prevention, treatment, and inhibition of several complications of common comorbidities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

et al. 2020

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“…It could play an antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, superoxide anions, and NO, as well as inhibit free radical reaction and lipid peroxidation [ 16 , 17 ]. Martínez-Solís et al [ 18 ] found that flavonoids and terpenoids in ginkgo leaf extracts could be used to prevent and treat retinal diseases related to oxidative stress. Liu et al [ 19 ] found the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) could be improved by ginkgolide while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardial tissue of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) rats.…”

Section: Biological Activity Of Ginkgo Bilobamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L.

Xia²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Ginkgo biloba L. has always been a popular area of research due to its various active ingredients and pharmacological effects. Ginkgo biloba is rich in ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolides, and ginkgolic acid, with anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, anti-platelet agglutination, hypolipidemic effect, anti-cancer, and anti-radiation properties. There are many methods to extract and separate the active components of ginkgo. Among them, supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) is known for its green, clean, and environment-friendly properties. In this paper, the pharmacological activities, the active components, and structures of different parts of ginkgo, the extraction methods of its effective ingredients, and the application of the SFE-CO2 method for the extraction and separation of active ingredients in Ginkgo biloba from leaves, seeds, pollen, and roots were reviewed, in order to make best use of ginkgo resources, and provide support and references for the development of SFE-CO2 of active components from Ginkgo biloba.

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“…Currently, Ginkgo biloba is an adaptive species and grows well in most parts of the world, including in the Mediterranean climate. The extract of Ginkgo biloba and/or its ginkgolide components, e.g., EGb761, BN52021, BN5739 and BN52063, possess many beneficial effects on the function of several injured and diseased cells and organs, including the nervous [116][117][118][119][120], renal [121][122][123] and cardiovascular [124][125][126][127][128][129][130] systems.…”

Section: Ginkgo Biloba "Ginkgoflavonoids" and Ho-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease

Haines

Tósaki

2020

IJMS

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The class of tetrapyrrol “coordination complexes” called hemes are prosthetic group components of metalloproteins including hemoglobin, which provide functionality to these physiologically essential macromolecules by reversibly binding diatomic gasses, notably O2, which complexes to ferrous (reduced/Fe(II)) iron within the heme porphyrin ring of hemoglobin in a pH- and PCO2-dependent manner—thus allowing their transport and delivery to anatomic sites of their function. Here, pathologies associated with aberrant heme degradation are explored in the context of their underlying mechanisms and emerging medical countermeasures developed using heme oxygenase (HO), its major degradative enzyme and bioactive metabolites produced by HO activity. Tissue deposits of heme accumulate as a result of the removal of senescent or damaged erythrocytes from circulation by splenic macrophages, which destroy the cells and internal proteins, including hemoglobin, leaving free heme to accumulate, posing a significant toxicogenic challenge. In humans, HO uses NADPH as a reducing agent, along with molecular oxygen, to degrade heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free ferrous iron (FeII), which is sequestered by ferritin protein, and biliverdin, subsequently metabolized to bilirubin, a potent inhibitor of oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage. CO acts as a cellular messenger and augments vasodilation. Nevertheless, disease- or trauma-associated oxidative stressors sufficiently intense to overwhelm HO may trigger or exacerbate a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular and neurologic syndromes. Here, strategies are described for counteracting the effects of aberrant heme degradation, with a particular focus on “bioflavonoids” as HO inducers, shown to cause amelioration of severe inflammatory diseases.

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Neuroprotective Potential of Ginkgo biloba in Retinal Diseases

Cited by 42 publications

References 124 publications

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress

Advances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Substances from Different Parts of Ginkgo biloba L.

Heme Degradation in Pathophysiology of and Countermeasures to Inflammation-Associated Disease

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