Neuroprotective effects of swimming training in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine

Goes, André Tiago Rossito; Souza, Leandro Cattelan; Filho, Carlos Borges; Fabbro, Lucian Del; Gomes, Marcelo Gomes de; Boeira, Silvana Peterini; Jessé, Cristiano Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.042

Cited by 77 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Of the six pre-clinical studies, all were randomized controlled studies. Two studies examined the effects of exercise on unspecified aspects of cognition [17,18], and four studies examined the effects of exercise specifically on learning and memory [16,19-21]. Of the eight clinical studies, four studies examined the effects of exercise on unspecified aspects of cognition [22-25], and four studies examined the effects of exercise specifically on tasks of executive function [26-29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three different toxins were used to generate basal ganglia lesions and develop models of PD in rodents. Three studies used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice [16,17,20], two studies used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats [18,30], and one study used reserpine in rats [19], resulting in reversible monoamine depletion. The timing of toxin administration varied relative to the onset of the exercise program.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Murray

Sacheli

Eng

et al. 2014

Transl Neurodegener

156

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Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can substantially affect a patient’s quality of life. These impairments remain difficult to manage with current clinical therapies, but exercise has been identified as a possible treatment. The objective of this systematic review was to accumulate and analyze evidence for the effects of exercise on cognition in both animal models of PD and human disease. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Fourteen original reports were identified, including six pre-clinical animal studies and eight human clinical studies. These studies used various exercise interventions and evaluated many different outcome measures; therefore, only a qualitative synthesis was performed. The evidence from animal studies supports the role of exercise to improve cognition in humans through the promotion of neuronal proliferation, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. These findings warrant more research to determine what roles these neural mechanisms play in clinical populations. The reports on cognitive changes in clinical studies demonstrate that a range of exercise programs can improve cognition in humans. While each clinical study demonstrated improvements in a marker of cognition, there were limitations in each study, including non-randomized designs and risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used and the quality of the evidence for human studies were rated from “low” to “moderate” and the strength of the recommendations were rated from “weak” to “strong”. Studies that assessed executive function, compared to general cognitive abilities, received a higher GRADE rating. Overall, this systematic review found that in animal models exercise results in behavioral and corresponding neurobiological changes in the basal ganglia related to cognition. The clinical studies showed that various types of exercise, including aerobic, resistance and dance can improve cognitive function, although the optimal type, amount, mechanisms, and duration of exercise are unclear. With growing support for exercise to improve not only motor symptoms, but also cognitive impairments in PD, health care providers and policy makers should recommend exercise as part of routine management and neurorehabilitation for this disorder.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Murray

Sacheli

Eng

et al. 2014

Transl Neurodegener

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Swimming is rather forced work out for rodents and studied as aerobic exercise to challenge the metabolism and immune system (Wasinski et al, 2013; Cunha et al, 2015). Only few studies address the effect of swimming exercise on the brain revealing a neuroprotective role in Parkinson's disease, and increased neurotrophin levels (Goes et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2014). There is no literature on “voluntary” swimming; however, different swimming protocols have been used comprising of either low- or high-intensity exercise distinguished by the length and intensity of the swimming (10, 30, 60, or 120 min per day for 2 to 8 weeks) (Lee et al, 2006; Radak et al, 2006; Marcelino et al, 2013; Wasinski et al, 2015) that revealed beneficial effects on both, brain and periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, studies focus on swimming exercise as it improves the immune system and has neuroprotective effects (Wasinski et al, 2013; Goes et al, 2014); the effect on hippocampal neurogenesis has not yet been shown. In humans, one advantage of moderate swimming as compared to running is continued training during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Forced Swimming Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Postnatal Dentate Gyrus of Mouse Offspring

et al. 2016

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Physical exercise positively affects the metabolism and induces proliferation of precursor cells in the adult brain. Maternal exercise likewise provokes adaptations early in the offspring. Using a high-intensity swimming protocol that comprises forced swim training before and during pregnancy, we determined the effect of maternal swimming on the mouse offspring's neurogenesis. Our data demonstrate decreased proliferation in sublayers of the postnatal dentate gyrus in offspring of swimming mother at postnatal day (P) 8 accompanied with decreased survival of newly generated cells 4 weeks later. The reduction in cell numbers was predominantly seen in the hilus and molecular layer. At P35, the reduced amount of cells was also reflected by a decrease in the population of newly generated immature and mature neurons of the granule cell layer. Our data suggest that forced maternal swimming at high-intensity has a negative effect on the neurogenic niche development in postnatal offspring.

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“…This leads to a decrease in the production of ATP and an increase in the levels of free radicals (Blum et al, 2001). Increasing levels of these free radicals alter homeostatic balances between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants leading to oxidative stress (Hara et al, 2003;Goes et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early use of oleanolic acid provides protection against 6-hydroxydopamine induced dopamine neurodegeneration

2015

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Neuroprotective effects of swimming training in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine

Cited by 77 publications

References 64 publications

The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Maternal Forced Swimming Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Postnatal Dentate Gyrus of Mouse Offspring

Early use of oleanolic acid provides protection against 6-hydroxydopamine induced dopamine neurodegeneration

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