“…Some data show monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) have pleiotropic effects that are not well defined ( Kitani et al., 2001 ; Szoko et al., 2018 ) and which may be unrelated to monoamine oxidase inhibition ( Koutsilieri et al., 1996 ; Kragten et al., 1998 ; Lieb, 1983 ; Nagatsu and Sawada, 2006 ; Ryu et al., 2018 ; Tabakman et al., 2004 ; Tatton et al., 1994 ). In animal models, these overlapping effects include regulation of inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) ( Bekesi et al., 2012 ; Bielecka et al., 2010 ; Morsali et al., 2013 ; Nagy et al., 2018 ; Tsao et al., 2014 ), alterations in gene expression ( Tatton and Chalmers-Redman, 1996 ; Tatton et al., 1996 ), increasing longevity ( Kitani et al., 1994 , 1998 ; Knoll and Miklya, 2016 ), and promoting neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival ( Abdanipour et al., 2018 ; Ebadi et al., 2002 ; Koutsilieri et al., 1994 ; Kragten et al., 1998 ; Morsali et al., 2013 ; Tazik et al., 2009 ). In the rodent heart, inhibiting monoamine oxidases reduces inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the aorta ( Ratiu et al., 2018 ; Sturza et al., 2013 ), decreasing ROS and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy ( Deshwal et al., 2018 ).…”