Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic pathways

Abstract

BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative‐stress‐related brain damage and brain damage due to inflammation induced by focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of A. graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery. The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period. RESULTS Our results show that A. graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving A. graveolens extract compared with those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that A. graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Isolation of a novel isoprenylated phenolic compound and neuroprotective evaluation of Dodonaea viscosa extract against cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats

“…ROS overproduction generates detrimental oxidative stress and, when combined with the depletion of endogenous antioxidants, leads to neural damage and dysfunction. Many medicinal herbs that can counteract these harmful effects may protect against ischaemic stroke ( Jittiwat et al, 2021 ). Previous studies used MCAO to induce acute focal cerebral ischaemia and evaluate the preventive effects of herbal drugs against cerebral injury in the animal model.…”

Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways

“…Enzymatic mechanisms include neutralization by SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. Previous studies have found that increasing these antioxidant enzymes can mitigate brain damage from ischemic stroke (5)(6)(7). Another study demonstrated that 6-gingerol is a potent antioxidant, with the potential to treat and prevent chronic diseases (43).…”

“…Enzymatic mechanisms include neutralization by superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT). Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing the levels of these antioxidant enzymes can mitigate brain damage caused by ischemic stroke (5)(6)(7).…”

Neuroprotective Activity of Extract of Celery (Apium Graveolens) in Insilico Study

“…Previous pharmacological studies have shown that celery has antimicrobial activity, antiparasitic, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiinfertility [4][5][6] . Until now, the public's knowledge in using celery is still limited as a flavor enhancer for food and vegetable commodities.…”