Neuroprotective effects of racemic ketamine and (S)-ketamine on spinal cord injury in rat

Kose, Emine Arzu; Bakar, Bülent; Ayva, Ebru Sebnem; Kılınç, Kamer; Apan, Alpaslan

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2012.02.022

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These studies found ischemia of the spinal cord after the subarachnoid injection of ketamine S ( + ); this result suggests neuroprotective benefits for the treatment. It is possible that these effects could be further strengthened by combining these injections with corticosteroids in similar situations to those described above 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

Filho¹,

Fin

Valerini

et al. 2014

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. METHODS:Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per cm column (0.18 mL).After intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine and xylazine, the subarachnoid space was punctured at S1-S2 under ultrasound guidance, and a random solution was injected. The animals remained in captivity for 21 days under medical observation and were sacrificed by decapitation. The lumbosacral spinal cord portion was removed for immunohistochemistry to assess the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. RESULTS:No histological lesions were found in the nervous tissue (roots and cord) or meninges in either group. CONCLUSION:The ketamine S (+) 5% unpreserved triggered no neurological or histological lesions in the spinal cord or meninges of rabbits.Key words: Anesthesia, Spinal. Ketamine. Injections, Spinal. Spinal Cord. Rabbits. Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

Filho¹,

Fin

Valerini

et al. 2014

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…Spinal cord injury has become one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Current treatment methods including surgery, medication and physiotherapy have limited efficacy[1314151617181920212223242526272829]. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of neurological diseases has shown considerable therapeutic potential[303132].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing for repair of spinal cord injury

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2014

Neural Regen Res

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We hypothesized that RNA interference to silence Nogo-66 receptor gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells before transplantation might further improve neurological function in rats with spinal cord transection injury. After 2 weeks, the number of neurons and BrdU-positive cells in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group was higher than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group, and significantly greater compared with the model group. After 4 weeks, behavioral performance was significantly enhanced in the model group. After 8 weeks, the number of horseradish peroxidase-labeled nerve fibers was higher in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group, and significantly higher than in the model group. The newly formed nerve fibers and myelinated nerve fibers were detectable in the central transverse plane section in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group.

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“…injection of 30 mg/ kg b.w. [32,42,[53][54][55], or multiple i.p. injections over 48 h [24], or single intravenous (i.v.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original article Subdural infusion of dexamethasone inhibits leukomyelitis after acute spinal cord injury in a rat model

Kwiecień¹,

Jarosz²,

Urdzíková³

et al. 2015

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A b s t r a c t Trauma in spinal cord injury often results in massive damage to the white matter and in damage to myelin that results in a severe phagocyte-rich infiltration apparently directed at removing immunologically toxic myelin debris. In the epidural balloon crush injury to the rat cranial thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal column was crushed, which at one week post-op resulted in its obliteration by a severe infiltration by a virtually pure population of macrophages that internalized all damaged myelin. A week-long subdural infusion of dexamethasone, a stable synthetic corticosteroid, resulted in remarkable inhibition of the macrophage infiltration of the crush cavity and in the lack of removal of myelin debris by phagocytosis. In this study we demonstrated that spinal cord injury results in a severe inflammatoryresponse directed at massively damaged myelin, and we inhibited this response with a subdural infusion of a powerful anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone.

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Neuroprotective effects of racemic ketamine and (S)-ketamine on spinal cord injury in rat

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

Effects caused by the spinal administration of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives, using a single puncture, and located on the spinal cord and meninges in rabbits

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing for repair of spinal cord injury

Original article Subdural infusion of dexamethasone inhibits leukomyelitis after acute spinal cord injury in a rat model

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