Neuroprotective effects of phloretin and its glycosylated derivative on rotenone‐induced toxicity in human SH‐SY5Y neuronal‐like cells

Abstract

Phloretin and phlorizin are the two strong natural antioxidants whose biological and pharmacological applications are rapidly growing in different human pathological conditions. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells and evaluated by testing cell vitality, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS production, antioxidant enzymes detection, activation of caspase 3, DNA damage, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion scavenging activity. Incubation of cells with rotenone caused cell death and significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase 3, and variation in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Although, rotenone exposure caused a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of lipid peroxidation were also observed. Phloretin or phlorizin, at micromolar concentration, reduced rotenone-induced cell death by scavenging ability against superoxide anion radical, one of the main effectors of rotenone toxicity at level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Under our experimental conditions, a reduction of the intracellular ROS levels with consequent normalization of the aforementioned antioxidant enzymes occurred. Concomitantly, we observed the inhibition of caspase 3 activity and DNA damage. This study shows the promising neuroprotective ability of the two dihydrochalcones able to protect human differentiated neuroblastoma cells (commonly used as model of Parkinson's disease) from injury induced by rotenone, actively scavenging ROS, normalizing mitochondrial transmembrane potential and consequently avoiding energy depletion. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):549-557, 2017.

Protective effect of apple phlorizin on hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell damage in HepG2 cells

“…In addition, the present study demonstrated that phlorizin attenuates the DNA damage, cells apoptosis, and necrosis induced by H 2 O 2 in HepG2 cells ( p < .05). These results were consistent with that in previous study showed that phlorizin attenuates the DNA damage and apoptosis in rotenone‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells (Barreca et al, ).…”

Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Mill. fruit as source of betalains with antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti‐angiogenic properties

“…LDH activity in the medium was determined using a commercially available kit from BioSystems S. A and expressed in function of the total amount of the enzyme present in the control (cells without t‐BOOH) released after an induced total cell lysis by sonication. Caspase 3 activation and quantification of protein carbonyl groups were performed according to the method described by Barreca et al () and Bellocco et al (). Cactus pear extracts, at concentration tested, did not show any interference with the assays performed.…”

Expanding the Repertoire of Dielectric Fractional Models: A Comprehensive Development and Functional Applications to Predict Metabolic Alterations in Experimentally-Inaccessible Cells or Tissues

“…In these cases, the dielectric properties of the blood change, and in particular, the partial polarization vectors associated with each anomalous phenomenon (disease) can change. It may be useful to study the dielectric properties of blood related to neurodegenerative diseases and the protective effects of some natural compounds [14][15][16][17][18]. Obviously, the investigation of these pathologies is very difficult if it is carried out by considering partial polarization directly, since a direct measure of them is very difficult.…”