Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides From Periplaneta Americana on Parkinson’s Disease Models In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by obvious motor and some nonmotor symptoms. Various therapeutics failed in the effective treatment of PD because of impaired neurological function in the brain and various complications. Periplaneta Americana oligosaccharides (OPA), the main active ingredients extracted from the medicine residues of Periplaneta Americana (P. Americana), have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible mechanisms of OPA against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apotosis in SH-SY5Y cells and its potential neuroprotective effects in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD subacute model mice. The data demonstrated that OPA significantly reversed the MPP+-induced decrease in SH-SY5Y cell viability, reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells, and protected SH-SY5Y cells from apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Furthermore, OPA also alleviated the motor dysfunction of PD model mice, prevented the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells, suppressed the apoptosis of substantia nigra cells, and improved the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in vivo, suggesting that OPA demonstrated a significantly neuroprotective effect on PD model mice. These results indicated that OPA might be the possibility of PD therapeutics with economic utility and high safety.

What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review

“…Ceftriaxone had a neuroprotective effect on MPTP-induced PD mice, and its neuroprotective effect could be through regulating inflammation and intestinal microbiota [175]. Other approaches such as curcumin [176], Oligosaccharides [177], chicoric acid [178], and Mucuna pruriens [179] also show promising results.…”

Cucurbitacin-B Exerts Anticancer Effects through Instigation of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest within Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells via Downregulating JAK/STAT Signaling Cascade

“…Cucurbitacin-B is a tetracyclic triterpenoid derived naturally from plants belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and which previously has been reported to have anticancer effects against human osteosarcoma alone and in combinatorial approach with methotrexate [ 20 , 21 ]. Subsequently, Cucurbitacin-B has also been reviewed exhaustively for its anticancer effects against different carcinomas [ 22 , 23 ]. Thus, we tried to explore the mechanistic insight into the anticancer efficacy of Cur-B against the prostate cancer PC3 cell line.…”

“…The observations reported herewith were indicative of Cur-B-instigated apoptosis in PC-3 cells by initiating abruption within nuclear morphology, especially fragmentation and condensation as seen in the DAPI- and Hoechst-33342-stained fluorescent photomicrographs. Evasion of apoptotic pathways leads to proliferation of cancer cells, which itself is a prerequisite for tumor progression [ 23 , 28 ]. It is well-accepted that natural products derived from plants hold the intrinsic potential of instigating apoptosis, which subsequently results in restraining the development of various carcinomas [ 24 , 29 ].…”

Unveiling the Journey from the Gut to the Brain: Decoding Neurodegeneration–Gut Connection in Parkinson’s Disease

“…Even prebiotics isolated from medicinal insects, like oligosaccharides from Periplaneta americana (OPA), have neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mice model. OPA improves gut dysbiosis and diminishes the loss of dopaminergic neurons . The sulfated polysaccharide agaran isolated from alga Gracilaria cornea showed neuroprotective effects in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD .…”

“…OPA improves gut dysbiosis and diminishes the loss of dopaminergic neurons. 162 The sulfated polysaccharide agaran isolated from alga Gracilaria cornea showed neuroprotective effects in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. 163 In vivo administration of yeast β-glucan in the AD model augments beneficial anti-inflammatory bacteria like Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus, and Rikenella.…”