Neuroprotective effects of Cassia tora against paraquat-induced neurodegeneration: relevance for Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine whether Cassia tora extracts could reverse the oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in a Parkinson's disease in vitro model. The leaves were treated with ethyl acetate (CtEA) or methanol (CtME). The extracts were first analysed by HPLC for their phenolic content and then tested for their neuroprotective effects in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of extracts followed by incubation with paraquat (14 μM). Firstly, pre-treatment of SK-N-SH cells with 100 μg/mL of CtEA or CtME significantly reduced the paraquat-induced production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, both CtEA and CtME reduced the paraquat-induced apoptosis. Moreover, there was a significant reduction of paraquat-induced DNA damage in SK-N-SH cells pre-treated with CtEA or CtME. Finally, both extracts significantly inhibited paraquat-dependent lipid peroxidation. Altogether, these in vitro data establish C. tora as a possible anti-Parkinson natural remedy.

Polyphenols profile and antioxidant capacity of selected medicinal plants of Bangladesh

“…In our analysis, luteolin (LTL) is not detected in S. tora, but other studies show that phytotoxic activity of this plant is attributed by several polyphenols including LTL (Ravi et al, 2018). This phytotoxic activity was found to exhibit beneficiary potential to treat Parkinson's disease in vitro by averting neuronal cell death (Ravi et al, 2018).…”

“…p-Coumaric acid has been indicated to fight against tumor, stomach and colon cancer as well as heart diseases through its free radical scavenging potential (Stojković et al, 2013;Boz, 2015). In our analysis, luteolin (LTL) is not detected in S. tora, but other studies show that phytotoxic activity of this plant is attributed by several polyphenols including LTL (Ravi et al, 2018). This phytotoxic activity was found to exhibit beneficiary potential to treat Parkinson's disease in vitro by averting neuronal cell death (Ravi et al, 2018).…”

Neuroprotective Effect of Aurantio-Obtusin, a Putative Vasopressin V1A Receptor Antagonist, on Transient Forebrain Ischemia Mice Model

“…The major biological activities of aurantio-obtusin reported so far include antihypertensive [26], hepatoprotective [27], antimutagenic [28], osteogenic [29], and estrogenic activities [30]. Cassia seeds extract and its constituents have been reported for the management of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease [31][32][33][34], Parkinson's disease [35], diabetes and diabetic complications [36,37], hepatotoxicity [38,39], inflammation [34], oxidative stress [40,41], and many more [42]. Similarly, seeds extract has been reported as a therapy for neurodegenerative disorders in recent years [43].…”

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“…Seeds of Cassia tora have been reported for antioxidant 17 , hypolipidemic 14 , hepatoprotective 13 , antihelmintic 21 and larvicidal 15,20 activities while leaves are reported for antibacterial 12 , purgative 16 , anti-Alzheimer 18 and antiparkinsonism activity 19 . The major objective of the present study was to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening, standardizing, evaluating the antimicrobial potential of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of Cassia tora leaves and seeds and develop an effective formulation from the microbiologically active extract.…”