Neuroprotective effects of curdione against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

BackgroundCurdione is one of the most highly concentrated component of the active constituents in E-zhu, which has been reported to possess a variety of activities. However, the pharmacologic neuroprotective activity of curdione has not been evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curdione on focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats and further exploring the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery for 2 h, followed by reperfusion stage. All animals received treatment once a day for 7 days before surgery and 14 days from 4 h after the reperfusion started. The neurological deficit test and Morris water maze test were performed at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after MCAO. The infarct size of animals was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and pathological brain damage was estimated by hematoxylin–eosin staining. The malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of apoptotic proteins was measured by Western blot.ResultsOur results showed that curdione could significantly reduce the infarct size and neurological deficits, promote cognitive function recovery and recover neuronal morphologic damages in MCAO rats. It also blocked the increase of MDA content and elevated the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Moreover, curdione attenuated the expression of Cyt-C, c-caspase-3 and c-caspase-9 increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and hence decreased the cellular apoptosis.ConclusionCurdione possessed potential neuroprotective effect on rats in the MCAO model. The anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties may be involved in the underlying mechanisms.

Attenuating effect of α-pinene on neurobehavioural deficit, oxidative damage and inflammatory response following focal ischaemic stroke in rat

“…It has been shown that treatment by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents has been able to impede sensorimotor dysfunction. [19][20][21] In this regard, our findings indicate that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a-pinene are attributed to attenuation of neuronal injury and improvement in neurobehavioural functioning.…”

“…In this test, 1 point was awarded for the inability to achieve the tasks or for the lack of a tested reflex. Additionally 13–18 points designated as severe injury, 7–12 points specified as moderate injury, and 1–6 points determined as mild injury …”

“…Additionally 13-18 points designated as severe injury, 7-12 points specified as moderate injury, and 1-6 points determined as mild injury. [20] Measurement of brain oedema Wet weight (WW) of different regions in the brain including cortex, striatum, hippocampus and total hemisphere was measured immediately. Dry weights (DW) of the brain samples were measured after 24 h at 120°C.…”

Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited

“…It also improved cognitive function and neuronal morphologic damage. In addition, it decreased MDA content and enhanced the activities of GSH‐PX, CAT, and SOD . Treatment with β‐elemene after the induction TBI by WDIAI model in rat improved NSS, and reduced TNFα, IL‐1β, apoptosis index, and expression of toll‐like receptor (TLR4), and casepase‐3.…”

Curdione induces G2/M phage arrest, apoptosis and autophagy via COX2 mediate IDO1 expression through PKCδ/ GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in human uterine leiomyosarcoma

“…Rhizoma Curcuma has been reported with antitumor effect [26], which mainly dependent on its essential oils. The effective bioactive compounds of the essential oils including: β-elemene, curcumol, curcumin, curdione, furanodiene, furanodienone, and germacrone have been reported with anti-platelet aggregation [27,28], anti-in ammatory [29], antibacterial [30], neuroprotective properties [31], prevent cardiotoxicity [32], and anti-tumor effect [26,30,[33][34][35][36]. Bene cial therapeutic effect of curdione has been reported in breast cancers [34], but the potential anti-cancer effect in uLMS and the underlying mechanism is still unclear.…”