Neuroprotective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsand conditioned medium in mechanically injured neuroblastoma cells

Abstract

IntroductionStem cells exhibit self-renewal characteristics that distinguish them from other cell types. Major subtypes include totipotent cells, which can divide to produce all cells in an organism, pluripotent cells, which are able to differentiate into any of the three germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm), and multipotent cells, which can produce multiple cell types within a given lineage (1). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute a class of multipotent cells capable of differentiating into many diverse cell types, including neural cells, chondroblasts, adipocytes, bone, skeletal muscle, and connective tissue (2-4). These cells can be isolated from almost any tissue, including bone marrow, Wharton jelly, umbilical cord, placenta, dental pulp, and adipose tissue using a simple procedure (5). Identification of MSCs is primarily performed using specific phenotypic and cell surface markers. MSCs should be able to adhere to a plastic surface and express defined surface antigens such as CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105; however, they should also be negative Background/aim: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess self-renewal characteristics that distinguish them from other cell types. Recent studies have focused on the effects of conditioned medium (CM) that includes the extracellular matrix.Here we examined the neuroprotective effects of BMSCs and CM on damaged neuroblastoma cells. Materials and methods:The cells were divided into five groups: 1) healthy controls, 2) damaged cells alone, 3) damaged cells treated with BMSCs, 4) damaged cells treated with CM, and 5) damaged cells treated with both BMSCs and CM. Neuroprotective effects were then evaluated based upon the levels of oxidative stress, antitransforming growth factor β1 (anti-TGFβ1) production, and apoptosis.Results: Significant differences were observed between healthy controls and damaged cells (P < 0.001), as well as between damaged cells and those treated with BMSCs alone (P < 0.05), CM alone (P < 0.05), and both BMSCs and CM in combination (P < 0.01). Among the treated groups, the strongest neuroprotective effects were seen in cells treated with both BMSCs and CM. Conclusion:These results show that both BMSCs and CM exhibit neuroprotective effects in damaged neuroblastoma cells. The strongest benefits were seen following treatment with both BMSCs and CM.

Effect of Methyl Mercury on the Cerebellar Cortex of Rats and the Possible Neuroprotective Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Medium. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

“…The neuroprotective effects of MSCs -CM could be explained by its capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit the release of both 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS). Moreover, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which decrease reactive astrogliosis were detected in significant amounts in MSCs -CM derived from bone marrow of rats [16,42].…”

“…In addition MSCs -CM can modulate the inflammatory environment, enhance vascularization of the regenerating site, increase thickness of the myelin sheaths, accelerate fibre regeneration and reduce of fibrotic scaring and improve fibre organization. Some former workers [42] reported that MSCs -CM have several benefits over MSCs as they can be manufactured, freeze-dried, packaged, and transported more easily than stem cells.Moreover, CM does not contain living cells, so there is no need to do donor recipient matching to avoid rejection.…”

Neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal, a compound in virgin olive oil, in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

“…The apoptotic index was determined as the ratio of positive-labeled cells to all cells in the chosen fields. The percentage of apoptotic cells was calculated by a blinded observer as follows: 0, no apoptosis; 1, 1%-10% apoptosis; 2, 11%-25% apoptosis; 3, 26%-50% apoptosis; 4, 51%-75% apoptosis; and 5, >75% apoptosis (15,16).…”

Pioglitazonun NB2a Fare Nöroblastoma Hücre Kültürüdeki Nöroprotektif Etkisi

“…Cells were than rinsed in distilled water and mounted in the mounting medium. TUNEL-positive staining was evaluated by the blinded observer under an Olympus BX40 light microscope [12] . Percentage and intensity of the immunostaining were scored with H-scoring and showed as the ratio of positively labelled cells to all cells in the chosen fields.…”

“…The percentage of apoptotic cells were also checked out by a blinded observer as 0: no apoptosis, 1: 1%-10% apoptosis, 2:11%-25% apoptosis, 3: 26%-50% apoptosis, 4: 51%-75% apoptosis, and 5: more. than 75% apoptosis [12] . The apoptotic index was counted up as the percentage.of apoptotic cells relative to the total cell number.…”