Neuroprotective Effects of 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-Methyl-1,3-Thiazoline Hydrochloride Against Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and inflammation are the important pathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we reported that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects rat glial cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In this study, we report the effects of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride on primary cultured cortical astrocytes after exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Pretreatment of cells with 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride prior to H₂O₂ exposure attenuated the H₂O₂-induced reductions in cell survival and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activities. It also reduced H₂O₂-induced increases in reactive oxygen species levels, malondialdehyde content, and production of nitric oxide. These effects were all concentration-dependent. Our results suggest that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects against oxidative stress.

Neuroprotective effects of the antioxidant action of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride against ischemic neuronal damage in the brain

“…These results suggest that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protected the brain against ischemia injury through regulation of the oxidation–reduction system, specifically by increasing antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant effects of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride in vivo is consistent with the antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging properties of this compound in vitro (16).…”

“…Therefore, antioxidative agents may offer an effective therapeutic strategy against ischemic damage. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the ability of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride against oxidative stress in primary cultured cortical astrocytes (16). 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride also protected against damage from glutamate, an excitotoxic neurotransmitter (14).…”

“…Accordingly, the systematic search for new neuroprotective compounds remains a matter of intense research (8). We have been interested in the development of effective neuroprotective drugs, and have synthesized and examined various thiazole derivatives in cultured neuronal cells (13-16). Our recent in vitro study showed that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects cortical astrocytes against oxidative stress (16).…”

“…We have been interested in the development of effective neuroprotective drugs, and have synthesized and examined various thiazole derivatives in cultured neuronal cells (13-16). Our recent in vitro study showed that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects cortical astrocytes against oxidative stress (16). Thiazole derivatives have been shown to be useful for treating various diseases (13,17-22).…”

Cognitive Enhancers (Nootropics). Part 3: Drugs Interacting with Targets other than Receptors or Enzymes. Disease-Modifying Drugs. Update 2014

“…5) significantly reduced A␤ 25-35 -induced primary cortical neuronal cell neurotoxicity [901]. The compound also suppressed glutamate-induced excitotoxicity [902], produced anti-inflammatory effects [903] and showed neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress [904].…”