Neuroprotective effect of treadmill exercise against blunted brain insulin signaling, NADPH oxidase, and Tau hyperphosphorylation in rats fed a high-fat diet

Jeong, Jong Seob; Koo, Jung-Hoon; Cho, Joon-Yong; Kang, Eun-Bum

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.001

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) 35–42 or wheel running (27.3%) 43–45 . Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity 35–41,43–45 . One study (9%) did not say the amount of fat used to induce obesity, 43 one study (9%) used 45% HFD, 38 whereas others studies (82%) used a 60% HFD 35–37,39–42,44,45 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study (9%) did not say the amount of fat used to induce obesity, 43 one study (9%) used 45% HFD, 38 whereas others studies (82%) used a 60% HFD 35–37,39–42,44,45 . Physical exercise protocols lasted for 5 (82%), 35–38,40–44 6 (9%), 39 or 7 days (9%), 45 and for 6 (9%), 44 8 (45.5%), 35–37,40,42 9 to 10 (9%), 43 or 12 weeks (36.5%) 38,39,41,45 . Five animal studies (45.5%) did not mention the intensity of the adopted physical exercise protocol 39,41,43–45 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Summary Obesity is associated with changes in memory. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases with the following descriptors: “physical exercise,” “memory,” and “obesity.” A total of 16 studies were analyzed in this review. Low, moderate, and high intensity exercise training showed positive effects on memory in patients with obesity (100%). The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) or wheel running (27.3%). Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity. Mouse was the most commonly used animal (54.5%), and a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD) was the most commonly method used to induce obesity (82%). We did not identify any knockout model of obesity that was used to evaluate memory and used physical exercise as the main intervention. Thus, exercise training, independently if it is resistance or endurance training, seems to be an excellent intervention to prevent and inhibit cognitive impairment and memory loss on obese patients and animal models of obesity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…Potential mechanisms by which physical activity improves cognition include increasing levels of the neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and increasing neurogenesis in the hippocampus ( 65 – 67 ), a brain region important for many aspects of learning and memory, and through strengthening the SLF and/or corpus callosum white matter pathways ( 28 , 56 ). Additionally, physical activity may also benefit cognition through indirect pathways, such as the secretion of myokines that affect neural growth factors and/or increases in insulin sensitivity ( 68 , 69 ). Animal studies have shown that improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity from exercise contribute to improved insulin signaling in the brain and in turn, enhanced cognition ( 68 , 69 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child physical activity as a modifier of the relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal overweight/obesity and neurocognitive outcomes in offspring

et al. 2021

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Background/Objectives: With rising obesity rates among pregnant women, more children are exposed in utero to maternal obesity. In prior epidemiological studies, exposure to maternal obesity was associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and worse cognitive abilities in offspring. Further studies have shown that offspring exposed to maternal obesity, exhibit differences in the white matter microstructure properties, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). In contrast, physical activity was shown to improve cognition and white matter microstructure during childhood. We examined if child physical activity levels modify the relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity with IQ and white matter microstructure in offspring. Subjects/Methods: One hundred children (59% girls) age 7–11 years underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and IQ testing. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was abstracted from electronic medical records. White matter was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging with the measures, global FA, MD. The 3-day physical activity recall was used to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical activity (VPA). Linear regression was used to test for interactions between prenatal exposure to maternal overweight/obesity and child PA levels on child IQ and global FA/MD. Results: The relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal overweight/obesity and child IQ and global FA varied by child VPA levels. Children exposed to mothers with overweight/obesity who engaged in more VPA had higher IQ scores and global FA compared to exposed children who engaged in less VPA. Associations were independent of child age, sex, BMI Z-score and socioeconomic status. Children born to normal-weight mothers did not differ in either IQ or global FA by time in VPA. Conclusions: Our findings support findings in rodent models and suggest that VPA during childhood modifies the relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and child IQ and white matter microstructure.

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“…In recent years, scientific research has focused on the ef-fects of exercise on the neurocognitive process. Exercise has been shown to improve learning and memory function by increasing neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the hippocampus, which is the primary center of learning and memory (Radák et al, 2001;Fabel et al, 2003;Winter et al, 2007;Cassilhas et al, 2012;Khabour et al, 2013;Ballard, 2017;Jeong et al, 2018). In previous studies, we have demonstrated the memory en-hancing effects of exercise accompanied by increased neuronal density in the hippocampus (Uysal et al, 2005(Uysal et al, , 2017Cetinkaya et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Regular aerobic exercise increased VEGF levels in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles correlated with hippocampal learning and VEGF levels

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et al. 2021

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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Physical exercise improves learning and memory abilities by increasing the levels of several growth factors in the hippocampus. One growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is primarily produced in the muscles and not only increases in the periphery during exercise but can also cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of regular aerobic chronic exercise on different types of muscle fibers and the relationships between learning/memory and muscle induced-VEGF. Following a one-week adaptation period, male rats underwent treadmill training at a speed of 8 m/min for 30 min daily, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Memory functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze. VEGF, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers and VEGF levels were also measured in the hippocampus. Exercise positively affected both learning and memory and also increased VEGF levels in both muscle fiber types. Muscle VEGF levels positively correlate with hippocampal learning and hippocampal VEGF levels. Exercise reduced both SOD and MDA levels in type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers, whereas GPx levels decreased only in type 2 muscle fibers. Our findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise elevates VEGF levels and diminishes oxidative stress in both fiber types. Exercise-induced VEGF levels in both type 1 and 2 muscle fibers appear to be associated with the positive effect of exercise on learning and memory function and is accompanied by an increase in VEGF levels in the hippocampus. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism by which fiber type-specific VEGF mediates hippocampal neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

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Neuroprotective effect of treadmill exercise against blunted brain insulin signaling, NADPH oxidase, and Tau hyperphosphorylation in rats fed a high-fat diet

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review

Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review

Child physical activity as a modifier of the relationship between prenatal exposure to maternal overweight/obesity and neurocognitive outcomes in offspring

Regular aerobic exercise increased VEGF levels in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles correlated with hippocampal learning and VEGF levels

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