Neuroprotective effect of mogrol against Aβ1–42-induced memory impairment neuroinflammation and apoptosis in mice

Abstract

Objectives Cognitive impairment is the main character of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study mainly focused on whether mogrol, a tetracyclic triterpenoids compound of Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle, can ameliorate the memory impairment induced by Aβ1–42. Methods Memory impairment mice model was made by stereotactic intra‐hippocampal microinjection of Aβ1–42 (410 pm/mouse). Mogrol (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) was given to mice by intragastric administration at 3 days after Aβ1–42 injection for totally 3 weeks. Morris water maze test and Y‐maze test were operated to evaluate the therapeutic effect of morgrol on Aβ1–42‐induced memory impairments. Immunohistochemical analyses and Hoechst 33258 assay were used to evaluate effect of morgrol on Aβ1–42‐induced microglia overactivation and apoptotic response in hippocampus of mice. Western blotting assay was used to evaluate effect of mogrol on the Aβ1–42‐activated NF‐κB signaling. Key findings Mogrol could significantly alleviate Aβ1–42‐induced memory impairments, inhibit Aβ1–42‐induced microglia overactivation and prevent Aβ1–42‐triggered apoptotic response in the hippocampus. Mogrol also could suppress Aβ1–42‐activated NF‐κB signaling, reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions This study suggested that mogrol would ameliorate the memory impairment induced by Aβ1–42, which is involved in anti‐inflammation and anti‐apoptosis in the brain.

The Fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii: A Review of a Chinese Food-Medicine

“…Modern medicinal research shows that the extract of its ripe fruit can be commercially used as a supplement and as a sweetener in sugar-free health foods and drinks because the fruits contain sweet glycosides that are naturally low in calories (FX, 1996; Soejarto et al, 2019). In addition, the crude extracts and purified compounds from S. grosvenorii have been found to possess various biological activities including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunologic, anti-tussive and sputum-reducing, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial activities (Liu et al, 2018; Chen et al, 2018; Abdel-Hamid et al, 2019; Nie et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019). Consequently, S. grosvenorii is a natural product with high development potential, which has increasingly been the focus of scientific research and commercial attention (Wang et al, 2010; Zhang and Li, 2011).…”

Mogrol Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption by Inhibiting the TRAF6/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway In vitro and Protects Against Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Mice

“…( Jimi et al, 2019 ). It has been demonstrated that mogrol exerted neuroprotection against memory impairment and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway ( Chen et al, 2019 ). As shown by western blotting, mogrol inhibited IκBα protein degradation and p65 phosphorylation.…”

“…As an herbaceous native plant, Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) is a sugar substitute or traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating lung congestion, dry coughs and colds in China ( Li et al, 2014 ). Mogrol has several pharmacological characteristics, including anti-inflammatory effects by activating AMPK signaling ( Liang et al, 2021 ), antileukemic effects via ERK and STAT3 inhibition ( Liu et al, 2015 ), and neuroprotective effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling ( Chen et al, 2019 ). Despite its great array of biological advantages, it is unknown whether mogrol affects osteoporosis and osteoclasts.…”

The role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and progress of treatment

“…Eriodictyol can also inhibit the excessive activation of glial cells, and reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and reducing nerve damage and amyloidosis. Interesting, sPls, Mogrol, and the hydroethanolic extract of thrips leaf (MpHE) all have the effect of inhibit neuroinflammation, which was found by Chen and Medrano-Jiménez et al The specific mechanisms are as follows: sPls significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-mediated TLR4 endocytosis and blocked the activation of caspases 19 ; Mogrol can inhibit the microglia activation excessive activation of cells and activation of NF-κB signaling caused by Aβ (1-42) 49 ; and MPHE promotes microglia phagocytosis and inhibits the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia. 50 Finally, a reduction of pro-inflammatory factors occurs, thereby improve mild cognitive impairment.…”