Neuroprotective Effect of Artocarpus Lakoocha Extract and Oxyresveratrol Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity in Sh-Sy5y Cells

Abstract

Objective: Artocarpuslakoocha Roxb. Is a traditional medical plant native to Southeast Asia and used as a dried aqueous extract so-called puaghaad. Its role (and its major ingredient, oxyresveratrol) as an antioxidant neuroprotectant were explored.Methods: Differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in 96-well plates were challenged with 200 µM H2O2 for 4h and either Trolox (100 µM), oxyresveratrol (5-100 µM), or puaghaad (1.2-25 µg/ml) applied 2h before H2O2 or for 20 h after H2O2Results: Continuous presence of both H washout. Cell viability, mitochondrial function, intracellular ROS, and lipid peroxidation were assessed.2O 2 and antioxidant reduced mitochondrial function by ~50% but only by 30% with antioxidant. Sustained 24 h H2O2 showed no recoveries with antioxidants. Cell viability was modestly restored when antioxidants accompanied H2O2 for 4 h and both washed for another 20 h, but little recovery of mitochondrial function even though antioxidants removed ROS and prevent lipid peroxidation. Antioxidants added for 20 h after H2O2 Conclusion:These results show that mitochondrial protection was illusive, yet both tested compounds, puaghaad and oxyresveratrol, improved cell viability and especially ROS levels and lipid peroxidation. The potency oxyresveratrol on theredox-sensitive expression of antioxidant enzymes and its pharmacokinetics suggests that oral puaghaad could provide effective protection in transient neurodegenerative disease. marginally improve mitochondria and modestly restore cell viability, but lipid peroxidation was completely reversed.

Oxyresveratrol Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammation via Suppressing AKT and ERK1/2 Activation in Human Microglia, HMC3

“…Our previous study revealed that A. lakoocha extract (containing OXY as a major compound) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated release of nitric oxide (NO), MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and the activation of NF-κB signal transduction pathway [10]. Interestingly, OXY has been reported to pass the blood-brain barrier in rats, exhibit neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) induction, ameliorate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and block nuclear translocation of NF-κB molecule in rat cortical neuronal cells in response to glucose or oxygen deprivation [12][13][14]. Moreover, OXY presents its neuroprotective ability by counteracting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in activated mouse murine N9 microglia [15].…”