Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Phyllanthus acidus</i> L. on Learning and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Animal Model of Dementia and Oxidative Stress: Natural Wonder for Regulating the Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Nature is the best source of complementary and alternative medicine. The plant Phyllanthus acidus (PA) L. has been used traditionally in pain, inflammatory and oxidative stress related disorders. In this consequence, methanolic extract of PA (MEPA) was selected to explore the ability of this plant to enhance cognitive function, brain antioxidant enzymes and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity which can be used for the treatment of oxidative stress related disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of MEPA on learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced rats of dementia and oxidative stress. Treatment with MEPA (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) was investigated in scopolamine-treated Swiss albino male rats for 14 days and its neuroprotective effects were examined using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test, Passive Avoidance (PA) test, Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test as well as level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), super oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation (TBARS) contents and * Corresponding author. Md. S. Uddin et al. 54 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat brain tissue homogenates. Administration of MEPA significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01; P < 0.01) decreased RTL (retention transfer latency) in rats on 7 th and 14 th day compared to the disease control and control group in the EPM test. In PA test the doses of MEPA suggestively (P < 0.05, P < 0.001; P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased STL (step-through latency) in rats on 7 th and 14 th day with respect to disease control and control group. For NOR test administration of MEPA considerably (P < 0.01, P < 0.001; P < 0.01) increased the DI (discrimination index) in rats with respect to that of disease control and control group. The doses of MEPA markedly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01; P < 0.01) decreased EL (escape latency) and significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.001; P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased TSTQ (time spent in the target quadrant) on successive days as compared to that of disease control and control group in the acquisition trial of MWM test. In case of probe trial of MWM test MEPA administration considerably (P < 0.01; P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased TSTQ and significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01; P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased TSA (time spent in the annuli) in rats on successive days as compared to that of disease control and control group. MEPA administration significantly (P

Analyzing Nootropic Effect of &lt;i&gt;Phyllanthus reticulatus&lt;/i&gt; Poir. on Cognitive Functions, Brain Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity against Aluminium-Induced Alzheimer’s Model in Rats: Applicable for Controlling the Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…The results of this study exposed that AChE activity was significantly decreased in the EEPR treated rats. In the study of neuro-protective effect of Phyllanthus acidus fruits on learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced animal model of dementia and oxidative stress, Uddin et al, disclosed increases brain acetylcholine levels and enhances cognitive function in rats [87].…”

Spectrum of Disease and Prescription Pattern for Outpatients with Neurological Disorders: An Empirical Pilot Study in Bangladesh

“…Universally common neurological disorders are epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other dementias, headache, migraine, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuroinfections, Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, brain tumors, brain trauma, malnutrition-related neurological disorders, and so on, [9-12]. Neurological disorders can be life threatening, similar to brain tumors and strokes or less harmful, similar to tension headaches and sleep disorders [13].…”

Exploring the Effect of <b><i>Phyllanthus emblica</i></b> L. on Cognitive Performance, Brain Antioxidant Markers and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Rats: Promising Natural Gift for the Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease

“…In this study, AChE activity was decreased in both SS and DS portions, with significant effects in rats treated with unripe fruit extract as compared to the control group. Uddin et al [79] showed that the administration of Phyllanthus acidus fruit increases the brain acetylcholine levels and enhances the cognitive function in rats, while attenuating memory deficits in animal model of amnesia. Our results projected that administration of EEPEr fruit, especially higher dose (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.)…”