Neuroprotective attributes of L-theanine, a bioactive amino acid of tea, and its potential role in Parkinson's disease therapeutics

Deb, Satarupa; Dutta, Ankumoni; Phukan, Banashree Chetia; Manivasagam, Thamilarasan; Thenmozhi, Arokiasamy Justin; Bhattacharya, Pallab; Paul, Rajib; Borah, Anupom

doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104478

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Antioxidants have been proposed to ameliorate the development of neurodegenerative diseases including PD [27]. Nevertheless, the effects of antioxidant intervention, including increased consumption of dietary antioxidants, were reported to be generally modest [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide Radical-Containing Redox Nanoparticles Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity

Pichla

Pułaski

Kania

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients can benefit from antioxidant supplementation, and new efficient antioxidants are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of selected nitroxide-containing redox nanoparticles (NRNPs) in a cellular model of PD. Antioxidant properties of NRNPs were studied in cell-free systems by protection of dihydrorhodamine 123 against oxidation by 3-morpholino-sydnonimine and protection of fluorescein against bleaching by 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride and sodium hypochlorite. Model blood-brain barrier penetration was studied using hCMEC/D3 cells. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), were used as an in vitro model of PD. Cells were preexposed to NRNPs or free nitroxides (TEMPO or 4-amino-TEMPO) for 2 h and treated with 6-OHDA for 1 h and 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was estimated with dihydroethidine 123 and Fluorimetric Mitochondrial Superoxide Activity Assay Kit. Glutathione level (GSH) was measured with ortho-phtalaldehyde, ATP by luminometry, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1, and mitochondrial mass with 10-Nonyl-Acridine Orange. NRNP1, TEMPO, and 4-amino-TEMPO (25-150 μM) protected SH-SY5Y cells from 6-OHDA-induced viability loss; the protection was much higher for NRNP1 than for free nitroxides. NRNP1 were better antioxidants in vitro and permeated better the model BBB than free nitroxides. Exposure to 6-OHDA decreased the GSH level after 1 h and increased it considerably after 24 h (apparently a compensatory overresponse); NRNPs and free nitroxides prevented this increase. NRNP1 and free nitroxides prevented the decrease in ATP level after 1 h and increased it after 24 h. 6-OHDA increased the intracellular ROS level and mitochondrial superoxide level. Studied antioxidants mostly decreased ROS and superoxide levels. 6-OHDA decreased the mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial mass; both effects were prevented by NRNP1 and nitroxides. These results suggest that the mitochondria are the main site of 6-OHDA-induced cellular damage and demonstrate a protective effect of NRNP1 in a cellular model of PD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitroxide Radical-Containing Redox Nanoparticles Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity

Pichla

Pułaski

Kania

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Upon L-Th addition, both L-Th 60 μM and 600 μM drastically increased cellular area compared to TCE 100 μM-treated cells after 24 h ( Figure 7B, C, and D). After ImageJ qunatification, L-Th 60 and 600 μM increased cellular area by 104% (p<0.05; Figure 7E) and 170% (p<0.001; Figure 7E), respectively, after 24 h. Deb et al (2019), hypothesized the utilization of L-Th as a potential treatment for PD as a result of L-Th's previously elucidated neuroprotective effects (Deb et al, 2019). MTT assay allows for the observance of TCE and L-Th's effects on cell viability in terms of mitochondrial function; therefore, L-Th's mitigation of TCE-induced cell death suggests that L-Th may prevent TCE-induced cell death through the preservation of mitochondrial function (Mahajan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Tce and L-th's Impact On Sk-n-sh Cell Morphology After 24 H mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent literature has implicated green tea compounds in the treatment for PD (Deb et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2018). A large amount of green tea's neuroprotective attributes can be traced back to L-Theanine (L-Th), a neuroprotective amino acid analog that occurs naturally in green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) (Deb et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2018).…”

Section: L-theanine As a Treatment For Trichloroethyleneinduced Parkimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-Th can also upregulate dopamine levels in the striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus which may allow for the reversal of PDinduced dopamine deficiency and motor impairment (Yokogoshi and Terashima, 2000). Although L-Th is not a known antioxidant, it reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) through enhancing cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms (Ben et al, 2015;Deb et al, 2019). L-Th has also shown the potential to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and increase the motor functionality of motor-impaired organisms (Deb et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016;Thangarajan et al, 2014).…”

Section: L-theanine As a Treatment For Trichloroethyleneinduced Parkimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-Th's ability to reduce neuronal apoptosis along with the upregulation of free dopamine in the brain can mitigate TCE's neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons and dopamine levels (Cho et al, 2008;Yokogoshi and Terashima, 2000). L-Th's upregulation of cellular antioxidant molecules may also attenuate TCE-induced oxidative stress (Ben et al, 2015;Deb et al, 2019). Additionally, L-Th's capability of passing the blood-brain barrier via the leucine-preferring transport system further optimizes L-Th as a potential treatment for TCE-induced PD by minimizing the invasiveness of its potential application in vivo (Chen et al, 2018) (Figure 2).…”

Section: L-theanine As a Treatment For Trichloroethyleneinduced Parkimentioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Theanine: Neuroprotective against Trichloroethylene-induced Parkinsons disease hallmarks

Shen¹

2020

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common water pollutant linked to Parkinson's Disease (PD), induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration. L-Theanine (L-Th) was explored as a potential treatment for TCEinduced PD due to its previously elucidated neuroprotective properties. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and cell density were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay (n=8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay (n=4), and cell image analysis (n=6), respectively. GT1-7 and SK-N-SH cells served as dopaminergic and neuronal cell models, respectively. In GT1-7 cells, L-Th 600 μM diminished TCE 1000 μM-induced cell death and TCE 1000 μM-induced LDH release by 81% (p<0.001) and 38% (p<0.001), respectively, after 48 h. L-Th also did not significantly impact LDH leakage in healthy GT1-7 cells. In SK-N-SH cells, L-Th 600 μM attenuated TCE 100 μM's neurodegenerative effects by increasing cellular density and cellular area by 118% (p<0.01) and 170% (p<0.001), respectively, after 24 h. L-Th's mitigation of TCE's neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects in dopaminergic neurons can prevent dopaminergic neurodegeneration: linked to PD onset. L-Th's ability to preserve healthy GT1-7 cells indicates that L-Th not neurotoxic in vitro. This research marks the identification of the first potential treatment for TCE-induced PD. Future investigations should explore the mechanism of L-Th and TCE's interactions.

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Isolation and antioxidant characterization of theaflavin for neuroprotective effect in mice model

Ahmad

Nosheen

Arshad

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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The mandate of the current investigation was to elucidate the therapeutic and antioxidant perspective of black tea. Purposely, black tea compositional analysis followed by polyphenol extraction and antioxidant characterization was done. Moreover, the theaflavin from black tea extract was also isolated through the solvent partition method. Lastly, the neuroprotective effect of isolated theaflavin was assessed through a bio‐efficacy trial. The outcomes delineated that black tea showed promising nutritional composition with special reference to protein and fiber. Among the extraction solvent, ethanol performed better as compared to methanol and water likewise, higher extraction was noticed at 60 min followed by 90 and 30 min. All the extracts indicated antioxidant activity reflected through significant DPPH, TPC, FRAP, and beta carotene as‐69.13 ± 3.00, 1148.92 ± 14.01, 752.44 ± 10.30, and 65.74 ± 3.28, respectively. However, isolated theaflavin exhibited higher antioxidant capacity as‐737.74 ± 12.55, 82.60 ± 2.33, and 853.77 ± 9.55, for TPC, DPPH, and FRAP, respectively, as compared to extracts. In 15 days' efficacy was physically induced with sciatic nerve injury h sciatic nerve injury physically and treated with isolated theaflavin. A total of 12 healthy albino mice were randomly assigned to either the control (n = 6) or theaflavin (5.0 mg/kg (n = 6)) groups. In these groups, behavioral tests were used to assess and compare enhanced functional recovery as well as skeletal muscle mass measurement. Serum samples included oxidative stress markers. In theaflavin leaves, behavioral tests revealed a statistically significant (p < .001) improvement in sensorimotor function restoration, muscle mass restoration, a substantial decrease in TOS, a significant increase in TAC, and enhanced antioxidative enzyme activity. Considering the above‐mentioned therapeutic perspectives of theaflavin, the current research was planned to optimize the isolation of theaflavin from black tea and probed for their neuroprotective effect in mice models.

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Neuroprotective attributes of L-theanine, a bioactive amino acid of tea, and its potential role in Parkinson's disease therapeutics

Cited by 57 publications

References 79 publications

Nitroxide Radical-Containing Redox Nanoparticles Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity

Nitroxide Radical-Containing Redox Nanoparticles Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity

L-Theanine: Neuroprotective against Trichloroethylene-induced Parkinsons disease hallmarks

Isolation and antioxidant characterization of theaflavin for neuroprotective effect in mice model

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