Neuroprotective (Antioxidant, Antiamyloidogenic, and Antiexcitatory) Effects of Trévo^TM against Cadmium Chloride Neurotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is deleterious to brain development as it increases brain aging. Trévo is a multi-herbal supplement that provides various health benefits, including boosting the immune system and detoxification. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Trévo against the neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>). Thirty male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (administered CdCl<sub>2</sub>), and Group III (administered Trévo and CdCl<sub>2</sub>), and were used in the experiments. Animals were pretreated with 2 mL/kg of Trévo for five days and injected with Cd intraperitoneally 3 h later. Cd significantly increased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), amyloidogenesis, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and the production of p53 and glutamate. It also inhibited the activity of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The administration of Trévo revealed its antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-excitotoxicity, and anticholinesterase properties as it prevented the biochemical changes induced by Cd toxicity in the brain of male Wistar rats. Our results supported the reported health benefits of Trévo as a good dietary supplement in preventing the toxic effects of poisonous substances, such as cadmium.