Neuroprotection Mechanisms in Cerebral Hypothermia (Review)

Abstract

The review focuses on the neuroprotective mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia from the standpoint of metabolic depression and genomic reprogramming of neurons that develop when brain temperature decreases.The concept of hypothermic pre-conditioning based on the development of typical nonspecific reactions for the formation of the cytoprotective phenotype of neurons due to potentially dangerous stimuli, such as ischemia, reperfusion, and hypothermia, was used to explain the effects of low temperatures. The data confirming the role of therapeutic cerebral hypothermia as a technique of selective brain exposure to mild cold for the neuroprotection and correction of temperature balance disorders are shown.The approach to therapeutic hypothermia as a hypothermic pre-conditioning allows to significantly expand the scope of its use in various procedural variants.

Correction of Local Brain Temperature after Severe Brain Injury Using Hypothermia and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) as Companion Diagnostics

“…Thus, it becomes possible to measure the temperature of the cerebral cortex. The accuracy of the method is ±0.2 °C, which is demonstrated in comparison with the results of a thermal sensor implanted directly into the brain [ 11 ]. In the standard version of the procedure, an antenna is installed on the surface of the scalp for locating the EMR ( Figure 1 ), and the temperature in 18 standard projections of the cortex of the left and right hemispheres (nine symmetrical areas on the right and left) is sequentially measured ( Figure 2 ).…”