Neuroprotection associated with running: is it a result of increased endogenous neurotrophic factors?

Ang, Eng-Tat; Wong, Peter T.-H.; Moochhala, Shabbir; Ng, Yen Kaow

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00989-2

Cited by 132 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We have previously reported that the number of cholinergic neurons in the HDB, but not in the medial septum nucleus (MSN) and vertical diagonal band (VDB), was increased significantly after forced running (Ang et al, 2003) which supported the view that cholinergic mechanisms modulate learning and memory formation (Gold, 2003). However, our earlier approach did assume some geometric and spatial properties of the cells concerned and therefore might have resulted in bias.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Previously, we had reported that forced running increased the number of cholinergic cells in the HDB (Ang et al, 2003). In our previous effort, the number of cholinergic neurons counted in the MSDB was guided and corrected by Abercrombie's principle (Abercrombie, 1946).…”

Section: Methodological Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "runner" (n = 8) was subjected to daily treadmill running (Simplex II metabolic rodent treadmill equipped with an electro-stimulator (ES) at the rear, Columbus Instruments) at an inclination of 0°as we have previously described (Ang et al, 2003). Briefly, in the first week, the treadmill speed was increased from 5 to 30m min − 1 over the first 5min per run, and the duration was increased from 10 to 50min per run over 5 days.…”

Section: Subjects and Exercise Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All rats from both cohorts were sacrificed, and their brains harvested as described in our earlier study (Ang et al, 2003). Briefly, rats were anaesthetized with 7% chloral hydrate and Comparison was made with data obtained earlier (Ang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human subjects, it was reported that physically fit individuals have better cognitive and memory performance when compared to their sedentary peers (Diesfeldt and DiesfeldtGroenendijk, 1977;Young, 1979;Emery et al, 1995). In support of better cognitive performance, it appears that exercise could enhance neurogenesis (Van Praag et al, 1999) and up-regulate the expression of trophic factors (Neeper et al, 1996;Ang et al, 2003). However, there exist some controversies in the literature, for example, 6-week long physical exercise has been reported to slow the parallel learning of a complex task in rats (Braszko et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise

et al. 2006

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A B S T R A C TExercise has been shown to influence learning and memory. Most studies were performed with a voluntary running paradigm (e.g. running wheel) in mice. However, such effects of exercise on learning and memory are less well demonstrated using a forced running paradigm (e.g. treadmill). The present study was designed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of forced treadmill running on learning and memory performance in rats. We have previously shown that forced running resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in the cholinergic neurons of the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) in the septum. This study was conducted in order to determine whether or not these changes occur simultaneously with enhanced learning and memory. The one-day version of the Morris water maze (MWM) test [Frick, K.M., Stillner, E.T., Berger-Sweeney, J., 2000. Mice are not little rats: species differences in a one-day water maze task. NeuroReport 11, 3461-3465] was used to test spatial learning and memory after the exercise period. Our data showed that runners displayed better spatial learning and memory when compared to nonrunners. This was evidently shown by a reduction in the time required for spatial acquisition (p < 0.05) and superior probe trial performance (p < 0.05). A shorter distance swam by the runners also suggested improved learning over the nonrunners (p < 0.05). In an attempt to revalidate our earlier quantitative results, we used design-based stereology (DBS) to estimate the number of cholinergic neuronal profile population in the medial septum and diagonal band (MSDB).We confirmed that forced running increased the cholinergic neuronal profile subpopulation in the HDB (Coefficient of Error < 0.2). Taken together, these results indicate that forced exercise could influence learning and memory with a concomitant increase in the number of cholinergic neurons in the HDB.⁎ Corresponding authors. E.-T. Ang is to be contacted at

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Methodological Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjects and Exercise Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%