Neurophysiology of spasms

Vigevano, Federico; Fusco, Lucia; Pachatz, Christa

doi:10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00284-4

Cited by 57 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In our study, no difference in prevalence between males and females was documented, in line with the International Conference on Nodding Syndrome (Kampala, 2012) [13]. By contrast, data collected in Uganda and Tanzania show a slight prevalence of males (55% and 61%, respectively) [8][9][10]12,15,16]. The age of our children ranged between 6 and 14 years, and the age at seizure onset was 5-12 years, consistent with reports from Uganda and Tanzania [8,9,11,14,15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Neurophysiological and clinical findings on Nodding Syndrome in 21 South Sudanese children and a review of the literature

Polo

Romaniello

Otim

et al. 2015

Seizure

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This study confirms that NS is an encephalopathy and intellectual disabilities are partially independent of seizure frequency and EEG pathological activity. Based on interictal and ictal EEG patterns and on the experience of other researchers, valproic acid would seem to be the first-choice antiepileptic drug. NS in South Sudan presents with clinical and neurophysiological features which are similar to those described in northern Uganda and more severe than in Tanzania.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In two patients this activity was sometimes followed by an electrodecremental pattern with superimposed fast activity. When associated with clinical findings of nodding, these ictal EEG features are typical of epileptic spasm (ES) (Vigevano et al, 2001) [16]. Recently, many authors have Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological and clinical findings on Nodding Syndrome in 21 South Sudanese children and a review of the literature

Polo

Romaniello

Otim

et al. 2015

Seizure

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“…This deflection of duration $700 ms occurred contralaterally on fronto-polar, frontal or central electrodes and preceded the TDS. These linked EEG and EMG activities resemble the pattern sometimes described during infantile epileptic spasms where a slow wave transient, maximal in the vertex, is associated with a rhombus-shaped EMG activity (Vigevano et al, 2001). One difference is that infantile spasms are usually bilateral, whereas isolated TDS may be strictly unilateral.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The contralateral cortical wave had a duration of 365 ms and amplitude of 63 mV. EMG activity duration was 1260 ms, and amplitude increased and then decreased, as rhombus-shaped EEG traces from infantile epileptic spasms (Vigevano et al, 2001). four of five patients (Table 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Motor cortex and hippocampus are the two main cortical targets in LGI1-antibody encephalitis

Navarro¹,

Kas²,

Apartis³

et al. 2016

Brain

167

161

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Ã These authors contributed equally to this work. Encephalitis associated with antibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) protein is increasingly recognized as an auto-immune disorder associated with characteristic tonic-dystonic seizures. The cortical or subcortical origin of these motor events is not clear. Some patients also present with different epileptic seizures and with cognitive impairment. The frequency of these features and their timing during the natural history of this encephalitis have not been fully described. We therefore reviewed data from 34 patients harbouring antibodies against LGI1 protein (21-81 years, median age 64) referred to the French Reference Centre for Neurological Paraneoplastic Syndrome. Three types of evidence suggested tonic-dystonic seizures were of cortical origin: (i) a slow, unilateral, frontal electroencephalographic wave, of duration $580 ms and amplitude $71 mV, preceded the contralateral tonic-dystonic seizures in simultaneous electroencephalographic and myographic records from seven of seven patients tested; (ii) 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose imaging revealed a strong hypermetabolism in primary motor cortex, controlateral to the affected limb, during encephalitis for five patients tested, as compared with data from the same patients after remission or from 16 control subjects; and (iii) features of polymyographic records of tonic-dystonic seizure events pointed to a cortical origin. Myoclonic patterns with brief, rhythmic bursts were present in three of five patients tested and a premyoclonic potential was identified in the cortex of one patient. Initially during encephalitis, 11 of 34 patients exhibited tonic-dystonic seizures (32%). Distinct epileptic syndromes were evident in 13 patients (38%). They were typically simple, focal seizures from the temporal lobe, consisting of vegetative symptoms or fear. At later stages, 22 of 32 patients displayed tonic-dystonic seizures (68%) and 29 patients presented frequent seizures (91%) including status epilepticus. Cognitive impairment, either anterograde amnesia or confusion was evident in 30 of 34 patients (88%). Brain imaging was normal in patients with isolated tonic-dystonic seizures; in patients with limbic symptoms it revealed initially a hippocampal hyperintensity in 8 of 19 patients (42%) and 17 of 24 patients (70%) at later stages. Our data suggest that the major signs of LGI1-antibody encephalitis can be linked to involvement of motor cortex and hippocampus. They occur in parallel with striatum involvement. One of these cortical targets is involved, often unilaterally at disease onset. As the encephalitis progresses, in the absence of immunomodulatory treatment, the second cortical target is affected and effects become bilateral. Progression to the second cortical target occurs with a variable delay of days to several months.

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“…It then decreases equally as fast and appears polygraphically as a sort of 'rhombus'. The ictal EEG counterpart is a high-amplitude slow wave, with an inverse phase reversal over the vertex regions (Vigevano et al, 2001). …”

Section: Ictal Eegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Networks in West Syndrome as Revealed by Source Analysis and Renormalized Partial Directed Coherence

et al. 2012

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Neurophysiology of spasms

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Neurophysiological and clinical findings on Nodding Syndrome in 21 South Sudanese children and a review of the literature

Neurophysiological and clinical findings on Nodding Syndrome in 21 South Sudanese children and a review of the literature

Motor cortex and hippocampus are the two main cortical targets in LGI1-antibody encephalitis

Neuronal Networks in West Syndrome as Revealed by Source Analysis and Renormalized Partial Directed Coherence

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