Neurophysiology of motor function following cannabis discontinuation in chronic cannabis smokers: an fMRI study

Pillay, Srinivasan S.; Rogowska, Jadwiga; Kanayama, Gen; Jon, Duk–In; Gruber, Staci A.; Simpson, Norah; Cherayil, Monisha; Pope, Harrison G.; Yurgelun‐Todd, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.05.009

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…As postulated by the central volume principle there is a relationship between CBV and CBF van Zijl et al, 1998), and in turn these physiological measures are highly correlated with one another (Grubb et al, 1974). Therefore, it is imperative to recognize that differences reported in neural activation between chronic cannabis users and healthy controls in studies using both fMRI BOLD and PET likely represent the effects of differences in physiological measures such as CBV (Eldreth et al, 2004;Kanayama et al, 2004;Pillay et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in regional blood volume during a 28-day period of abstinence in chronic cannabis smokers

Sneider¹,

Pope²,

Silveri³

et al. 2008

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Cerebral blood volume (CBV) studies have provided important insight into the effects of illicit substances such as cannabis. The present study examined changes in regional blood volume in the frontal and temporal lobe, and the cerebellum during 28 days of supervised abstinence from cannabis. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSCMRI) data were collected on 15 current, long-term cannabis users between 6 and 36 hours after the subjects' last reported cannabis use (Day 0), and again after 7 and 28 days of abstinence. Resting state CBV images were also acquired on 17 healthy comparison subjects. The present findings demonstrate that at Day 7, cannabis users continued to display increased blood volumes in the right frontal region, the left and right temporal regions, and the cerebellum. However, after 28 days of abstinence, only the left temporal area and cerebellum showed significantly increased CBV values in cannabis users. These findings suggest that while CBV levels begin to normalize with continued abstinence from cannabis, specifically in frontal areas, other temporal and cerebellar brain regions show slower CBV decreases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in regional blood volume during a 28-day period of abstinence in chronic cannabis smokers

Sneider¹,

Pope²,

Silveri³

et al. 2008

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Based on this, decline in both rearing behavior and locomotor activity (CAE in the EPM test) as well as the lack of a significant anxiogenic-like effect in our study suggest that blockade of CB 1 receptors produces psychomotor retardation rather than a pronounced anxiety-like effect. Regarding the involvement of the eCB system in locomotor regulation in humans, chronic cannabis smokers showed reduced activation of cortical motor areas in finger sequencing task [27] and a decline in psychomotor function during abstinence [6]. Furthermore, CB 1 receptor downregulation has been observed not only in cortical areas and in the basal ganglia in humans but also in animals chronically exposed to cannabinoids [7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of Serotonin 2C Receptors with SB-242084 Moderates Reduced Locomotor Activity and Rearing by Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Antagonist AM-251

et al. 2019

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The endocannabinoid and serotonin (5-HT) systems have key roles in the regulation of several physiological functions such as motor activity and food intake but also in the development of psychiatric disorders. Here we tested the hypothesis, whether blockade of serotonin 2C (5-HT_2C) receptors prevents the reduced locomotor activity and other behavioral effects caused by a cannabinoid 1 (CB₁) receptor antagonist. As a pretreatment, we administered SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, ip.), a 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist or vehicle (VEH) followed by the treatment with AM-251 (5 or 10 mg/kg, ip.), a CB₁ receptor antagonist or VEH. The effects of the two drugs alone or in co-administration were investigated in social interaction (SI) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests in male Wistar rats. Our results show that AM-251 decreased the time spent with rearing in the SI test and decreased locomotor activity in EPM test. In contrast, SB-242084 produced increased locomotor activity in SI test and evoked anxiolytic-like effect in both SI and EPM tests. When applied the drugs in combination, these behavioral effects of AM-251 were moderated by SB-242084. Based on these findings, we conclude that certain unwanted behavioral effects of CB₁ receptor antagonists could be prevented by pretreatment with 5-HT_2C receptor antagonists.

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“…Pillay et al (2004) reported decreased activation in the supplementary motor area and also in the ACC in nine cannabis users, 36 h after cessation of use, while they performed the finger sequencing task (a measure of fine motor function Murphy et al (2006) found no activation differences between 20 chronic cannabis users, after 24 h of cessation of use, and 25 healthy controls during a fingertapping task using fMRI. Both studies were methodologically well-designed and although the cannabis abstinence period was slightly shorter in the first study, these differences between them do not fully explain the divergent results.…”

Section: Non-acute Effects On Activation During Cognitive Tasksmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroimaging in cannabis use: a systematic review of the literature

et al. 2009

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Background. We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for specific effects of cannabis on brain structure and function. The review focuses on the cognitive changes associated with acute and chronic use of the drug.Method. We reviewed literature reporting neuroimaging studies of chronic or acute cannabis use published up until January 2009. The search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, LILACS and PsycLIT indexing services using the following key words : cannabis, marijuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC, cannabidiol, CBD, neuroimaging, brain imaging, computerized tomography, CT, magnetic resonance, MRI, single photon emission tomography, SPECT, functional magnetic resonance, fMRI, positron emission tomography, PET, diffusion tensor MRI, DTI-MRI, MRS and spectroscopy.Results. Sixty-six studies were identified, of which 41 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-three were functional (SPECT/PET/fMRI) and eight structural (volumetric/DTI) imaging studies. The high degree of heterogeneity across studies precluded a meta-analysis. The functional studies suggest that resting global and prefrontal blood flow are lower in cannabis users than in controls. The results from the activation studies using a cognitive task are inconsistent because of the heterogeneity of the methods used. Studies of acute administration of THC or marijuana report increased resting activity and activation of the frontal and anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive tasks. Only three of the structural imaging studies found differences between users and controls.Conclusions. Functional neuroimaging studies suggest a modulation of global and prefrontal metabolism both during the resting state and after the administration of THC/marijuana cigarettes. Minimal evidence of major effects of cannabis on brain structure has been reported.

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Neurophysiology of motor function following cannabis discontinuation in chronic cannabis smokers: an fMRI study

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Differences in regional blood volume during a 28-day period of abstinence in chronic cannabis smokers

Differences in regional blood volume during a 28-day period of abstinence in chronic cannabis smokers

Blockade of Serotonin 2C Receptors with SB-242084 Moderates Reduced Locomotor Activity and Rearing by Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Antagonist AM-251

Neuroimaging in cannabis use: a systematic review of the literature

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