Neurophysiological Measures and Visual Averaged Evoked Responses in Psychiatric Patients

Knorring, Lars von; Oreland, Lars; Perris, C.

doi:10.1159/000117592

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The results regarding alcohol-mediated aggression and platelet MAO-B activity are also in line with the notion of a stronger evoked response in individuals with low platelet MAO-B (49). Low serotonergic tone is associated with higher event-related potentials in auditory and visual evoked potential-settings (50).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Wargelius¹,

Fahlke²,

Suomi

et al. 2010

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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Platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been proposed to be a biological marker for the properties of monoamine systems, with low activity being associated with vulnerability for high scores on personality traits such as sensation seeking, monotony avoidance, and impulsiveness, as well as for vulnerability for alcoholism. In the present study, platelet MAO-B activity was analysed in 78 rhesus macaques, and its relation to voluntary alcohol intake and behaviours after intravenous alcohol administration was observed.Monkeys with low platelet MAO-B activity had low levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and showed excessive aggression after alcohol administration. A novel finding was that animals with low platelet MAO-B activity showed less intoxication following alcohol administration. As we have shown previously, they also voluntarily consumed more alcohol. We here replicate results from studies on both humans and non-human primates, showing the utility of platelet MAO as a marker for risk behaviours and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, we link platelet MAO activity to alcohol sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Wargelius¹,

Fahlke²,

Suomi

et al. 2010

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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“…However, the relation between the peripheral MAO activity and the central serotonin, and dopamine activity is still not completely elucidated. Our results suggest that the highest platelet MAO activity (tryptamine substratum) occurs in the Aug groups A and B (29).…”

Section: Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The methodology for obtaining AER has been described at some length in previous papers, and also that for evaluating perceptual reactance according to Petrie (25,29,36). Most of the results to be used below in exemplifying our concepts are obtained with photic stimulation (V.AER).…”

Section: Experimental Results Supporting the Theoretical Formulation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings were interpreted in terms of a theoretical construct regarding a defensive stimulus intensity control mechanism in the central nervous system (CNS) against intensive stimulation. Successive studies by Spilker and Callaway (51), von Knorring et al (28,29), Soskis and Shagass (50) and Stark and Norton (52) supported the view that V.AER were a suitable approach for studying this mechanism. The last mentioned authors gave also support to the hypothesis that the Aug/Red phenomenon was not an artifact depending upon peripheral variables such as pupillary diameter, etc., and that it was quite reliable in short-term test-retest situations.…”

Section: Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Augmenting/Reducing: an Adaptive Switch Mechanism to Cope with Incoming Signals in Healthy Subjects and Psychiatric Patients

Knorring

Monakhov

Perris³

1978

Neuropsychobiology

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The tendency to ''augment'' or to ''reduce'' the amplitude of the response to stimuli of increasing intensity is a matter of much interest in the neurophysiological, psychophysiological and psychiatric literature. According to their response, individuals have been divided so far into ''augmenters'' and ''reducers'', and different mechanisms beyond these types of response have been discussed. In most studies, however, the major emphasis has been laid upon ''reducing'', which has been regarded as deviance from the expected ''augmenting''. In the present article, a new theory referring to a two-directional adaptive switch mechanism for coping with incoming stimuli is presented together with some hypotheses which can be derived from such a general theory. In the following, evidence from experimental work is presented which supports the main theoretical principles, and also the hypothesis that both basic characteristics of the central nervous system and biochemical variables contribute to the determination of the individual augmenting/reducing response.

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“…The correlation was highly significant in the 22 unipolar depressive disorders (r = -.60, p < .01, onetailed) but was not significant in the bipolar disorders. Von Knorring, Oreland, and Ferris (1977) found a significant correlation of -.40 between AEP augmenting and MAO in a cliagnostically mixed group of patients. Haier, Buchsbaum, Murphy, Gottesman, and Coursey (1980) reported a correlation of -.42 (p < .05) in a group of 23 students who showed signs of affective disorder, but the correlation in a group of 21 normal controls was about 0.…”

Section: Monoamine Oxidase and Averaged Evoked Potentialmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sensation seeking and its biological correlates.

Zuckerman¹,

Buchsbaum²,

Murphy³

1980

Psychological Bulletin

408

129

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This article reviews the trait of sensation seeking and the biological phenomena associated with it: strength of the initial orienting reflex, augmenting versus reducing of the average evoked potential, the enzyme monoamine oxidase, and gonadal hormones (both androgen and estrogens). Both the psychological test and biological measures have retest reliabilities that are characteristic of stable traits. Twin studies show moderate to strong genetic control of the personality and of several of the biological measures. Several behavioral characteristics that are associated with the trait in humans are also related to the biological traits in animals, including sociability and social dominance, reactivity to novel situations, and play. In humans, sexual experience, interest in new situations, experiences with drugs, manic-depressive tendencies, and psychopathy are associated with both sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Age and sex differences show some parallels and some differences between sensation seeking and its biological correlates. The convergence of findings points up some new directions for research in the role of central monoamines and their regulators in the development of basic personality traits.

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Neurophysiological Measures and Visual Averaged Evoked Responses in Psychiatric Patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity predicts alcohol sensitivity and voluntary alcohol intake in rhesus monkeys

Augmenting/Reducing: an Adaptive Switch Mechanism to Cope with Incoming Signals in Healthy Subjects and Psychiatric Patients

Sensation seeking and its biological correlates.

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