Neurophysiological evidence of how quiet eye supports motor performance

Xu, Shanshan; Sun, Guoxiao; Wilson, Mark R.

doi:10.1007/s10339-021-01036-3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Both the basal forebrain and the anterior cingulate pallidum neurons sense conditions that have a high degree of uncertainty and direct the gaze to seek out possible solutions. These results are supported by a recent QE study by Xu, Sun 74 who identified the neural mechanisms by which a long duration QE supports accuracy (hits versus misses) in golf putting. They tested the validity of the pre-programming and online control hypotheses using electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and electroencephalography (EEG).…”

Section: Neural Structures That Reduce Outcome Uncertaintysupporting

confidence: 78%

Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms

Vickers¹

2021

BJMB

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This paper reveals new insights that comes from comparing quiet eye (QE) studies within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms. Motor accuracy is defined by the rules of the sport (e.g,. hits versus misses), while motor error is defined by a behavioral measure, such as how far a ball or other object lands from the target (e.g. radial error). The QE motor accuracy paradigm treats accuracy as an independent variable and determines the QE duration during an equal (or near-equal) number of hits and misses per condition per participant, while the motor error QE paradigm combines hits and misses into one data set and determines the correlation between the QE and motor error, which is used as a proxy for accuracy. QE studies within the motor accuracy paradigm consistently find a longer QE duration is a characteristic of skill, and/or interaction of skill by accuracy. In contrast, QE motor error studies do not analyze or report the relationship between the QE duration and accuracy (although often claimed), and rarely find a significant correlation between the QE duration and error. Evidence is provided showing the absence of significant results in QE motor error studies is due to the low number of accurate trials found in motor error studies due to the inherent complexity of all sport skills. Novices in targeting skills make fewer than 20% of their shots and experts less than 40% (with some exceptions) creating imbalanced data sets that make it difficult, if not impossible, to find significant QE results (or any other neural, perceptual or cognitive variable) related to motor accuracy in sport.

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Section: Neural Structures That Reduce Outcome Uncertaintysupporting

confidence: 78%

Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms

Vickers¹

2021

BJMB

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“…Cheuh et al did not report the motor phases of the putt, nor did they report the eyes movements or QE of the golfers, however Xu et al 24 assessed the QE and EEG of golfers during QE pre, which was three seconds before the onset of backswing and therefore similar to the aiming phase, and QE post which was three seconds after contact and similar to the QE phase. One hundred putts were performed at a distance of two meters by right handed university students to a regulation hole during hits (24.86%) when the ball went in the hole and misses (44.64%) which were more than 20 cm from the hole.…”

Section: Qe and Eeg Of The Qet And Control Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quiet eye training alleviates the yips in golf putting: a research proposal

Vickers¹

2022

BJMB

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A case study is presented of a professional golfer (AB) who in her 13th LPGA season suffered from the psychological form of the YIPS. She had increased anxiety about her technique and eye movements that made focusing difficult. After a quiet eye (QE) training program she overcame the YIPS and had her 2nd best season. However, her improvement was temporary for reasons that may have been due to how the treatment was delivered. Due to the pandemic, she was given a QE training program that used email, phone calls, videos showing the quiet eye of elite golfers, counseling, and research papers. Her QE and coupled stroke kinematics were not recorded, as normally occurs, thus the paper concludes with suggestions for a QE training program that may lead to permanent improvements in golf or other sports where this stressful disorder occurs.

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“…The relationship between attention and movement performance is a research hotspot in the field of movement performance. For self-controlled closed form movement skills, excellent attention concentration and movement control abilities are often required 1 , 2 . Golf is the sport which needs a typical self—controlled closed form movement skill, in which requires a high degree of accuracy in the putting stroke and a high degree of attentional focus during competition 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of quiet eye training on golf putting performance in pressure situation

He,

Liu,

Yang

2024

Sci Rep

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To explores the effect and mechanism of quiet eye training on the accuracy of golfers´ putts in pressure situations and provides methods and basis for targeted attention training and control. 22 young golfers in China golf team aged from 13 to 18 were randomly assigned to the experimental group (quiet eye training group) and the control group (technical guidance group) according to gender. Both groups of participants underwent two consecutive weeks of push training (3 sets per day, 20 golf putts per set, rest for 3 min between sets) separately in accordance with the guidance of a professional psychological research group and an expert coach. Eye tracking technology, biofeedback technology, and subjective evaluation methods were used to test and analyze the push process of the two groups of participants before and after training under pressure situations (Eye movement behaviors and the heart rate were recorded by ASL Mobile Eye-XG and NeXus-2 biofeedback, pressure and state anxiety were evaluated by self-rating pressure scale and S-AI. Golf putting performance was recorded by a research graduate assistant). A higher hit ratio as well as lower pressure and SAI level was founded in quiet eye training group in the pressure situation, the quiet eye movement time and total fixation time was longer than technical group. The quiet eye training group has a better putting performance. Quiet eye training can improve the golf putting performance in pressure situations. After quiet eye training, the state anxiety decreased, the quiet eye movement time and the total fixation time increased in pressure situations.

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Neurophysiological evidence of how quiet eye supports motor performance

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms

Quiet eye studies in sport within the motor accuracy and motor error paradigms

Quiet eye training alleviates the yips in golf putting: a research proposal

The effect of quiet eye training on golf putting performance in pressure situation

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