Neurophysiological effects of early sensory restriction

Melzack, Ronald; Burns, Stephen K.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(65)90106-8

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1,16,20 A progressive food exposure, along with coping skills training and pharmacologic support, can serve to decrease hypersensitivity over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both animal and human studies show that restriction of sensory input can cause the central nervous system to become hypersensitive to stimulation and that the effects of early sensory restriction can be long lasting. 1,16,20 Because of the abnormalities in sensory processing experienced by some individuals with ASDs, one would expect that chronic pain conditions would be a relatively common finding in this population. In addition, coping, and therefore functioning, with chronic pain might be more difficult for this population because of problems in the regulation of attentional focus, inflexible cognitive coping strategies, and chronic high arousal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Chronic pain in individuals with previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorders

Bursch

Ingman

Vitti

et al. 2004

The Journal of Pain

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“…1,16,20 A progressive food exposure, along with coping skills training and pharmacologic support, can serve to decrease hypersensitivity over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic pain in individuals with previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorders

Bursch

Ingman

Vitti

et al. 2004

The Journal of Pain

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“…Early rearing methods were also shown by Denenberg (1961) to change nervous system reactivity in a rodent's response to open field testing. Melzak (1954) and Melzak and Burns (1965) found that raising dogs in barren and restricted environments makes them more fearful and reactive to novel stimuli. Early rearing effects have also been studied in cattle by Dellmeier et al (1985).…”

Section: Effects Of Early Experience and Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and Behavior During Handling, Restraint, and Herding

Grandin¹,

Deesing²

2014

Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals

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The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the effects of genetics on the behavior of herding animals during handling and restraint. Compared to rodents, poultry, and fruit flies (Drosophilia) very little behavioral genetics work has been done on livestock. During our careers we have observed thousands of animals under many different conditions. In this chapter we will discuss our observations under practical conditions and research findings, which would affect behavior during handling, herding, or restraint.Writing on the behavioral aspects of animal domestication for the Quarterly Review of Biology Price (1984) stated:It is difficult to generalize about the effects of domestication on either genetic or phenotypic variability because of different selection pressures on different traits and species. However, it is apparent that, with respect to animal behavior, domestication has influenced the quantitative rather than the qualitative nature of the response.To put it in simpler words, domestication changes the intensity of a behavioral response. For example, zebras are more flighty and nervous than domestic horses. Parsons (1988) further wrote that domestic animals are more stress resistant because they have been selected for a calm attitude toward man. In either event, a genetic predisposition to be fearful or calm interacts with early experience and learning in very complex ways. The term temperament will be used in this chapter to refer to nervous system reactivity, which is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. During handling, fear is a major determinant of an animal's behavior. Genetic influences on temperament interact with early experience and learning to shape adult patterns of behavior. The most convincing examples of genetic influence on behavior come from selection and strain studies of behavior in mice (DeFries et al., 1978). Selective breeding of rats for either high or low fearfulness clearly shows that genetics plays a major role in determining an animal's temperament (Broadhurst, 1960;Eysenck and Broadhurst, 1964;Huck and Price, 1975). Behaviors studied in the laboratory are clearly shown to be substantially influenced by genetic factors (Plomin, 1990). In the following sections we will discuss the interacting forces of genetics and experience. Some of the topics which will be covered are flocking behavior, herding behavior, flight zone, social behavior, attraction and reaction to novelty, inheritability of behavior, and sire effect; some general principles for handling domestic animals will also be discussed.

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“…The physiological effects of early restriction, described by Melzack and Burns ( 1965), correlate well with the two major behavioral effects previously described.…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The Role of Early Experience in Emotional Arousal*

Melzack

1969

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Neurophysiological effects of early sensory restriction

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Chronic pain in individuals with previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorders

Chronic pain in individuals with previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorders

Genetics and Behavior During Handling, Restraint, and Herding

The Role of Early Experience in Emotional Arousal*

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