Neurophysiological Changes in Context to Duration of Exposure in Insulin Dependent and Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by inability of the body to metabolize glucose properly. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. IDDM and NIDDM shows effect on central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system and other physiological system. A common complication due to the IDDM and NIDDM includes peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and vascular complication. Insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus -both affect the peripheral nervous system depending on the duration of exposure and blood glucose level.Materials and Methods: 120 healthy individuals with IDDM and NIDDM were included (screened with SF-36), with age limit between 25 to 60 years. Those individuals having a history of hospitalization in last 1 year, acute fever, present history of radiculopathy and open wound were excluded. Nerve conduction studies of common peroneal, tibial and sural nerves were examined in both groups. Distal Latency, NCV and CMAP/SNAP were taken as outcome measures.Result and Discussion: Bio-statistical analysis has been done using Mann-Whitney test. Result suggest that long duration of exposure has significant (p<0.05) effect on Neurophysiological changes compare to short duration of exposure in IDDM and NIDDM. With longer exposure of diabetes, there is increase in latency, decrease in amplitude and NCV.Conclusion: Long duration of exposure shows significant Neurophysiological changes compare to short duration of exposure in IDDM and NIDDM.